KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bbi00010 bbi01200 bbi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bbi00010 bbi01200 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bbi00010 bbi00020 bbi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bbi00010 bbi00020 bbi00620 bbi00785 bbi01200 bbi01210 bbi01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bbi00020 bbi01200 bbi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bbi00020 bbi01200 bbi01210 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bbi00020 bbi01200 bbi01210 bbi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bbi00030 bbi01200 bbi01100 bbi01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:bbi00030 bbi01200 bbi01100 bbi01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:bbi00030 bbi01200 bbi01230 bbi01100 bbi01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:bbi00030 bbi00230 bbi01200 bbi01230 bbi01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:bbi00040 bbi01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:bbi00052 bbi01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:bbi00040 bbi00053 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:bbi00500 bbi01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:bbi00500 bbi01100]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bbi00640 bbi01200 bbi01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:bbi00280 bbi00630 bbi00640 bbi01200 bbi01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:bbi00562 bbi01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:bbi00562 bbi01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:bbi00562 bbi01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:bbi00430 bbi00620 bbi00720 bbi01200 bbi01100 bbi01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:bbi00190 bbi01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:bbi00190 bbi01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:bbi00190 bbi01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:bbi00190 bbi01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bbi00190 bbi01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bbi00061 bbi01212 bbi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bbi00061 bbi01212 bbi01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:bbi01212 bbi01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:bbi01212 bbi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bbi00061 bbi00071 bbi01212 bbi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bbi00071 bbi01212 bbi01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:bbi01212 bbi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:bbi01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:bbi01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:bbi01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:bbi01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:bbi01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:bbi01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:bbi01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:bbi01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:bbi00561 bbi01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bbi00561 bbi01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:bbi00564 bbi01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:bbi00564 bbi01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bbi00600 bbi01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bbi00600 bbi01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:bbi00600 bbi01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:bbi00600 bbi01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:bbi00600 bbi01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:bbi00230 bbi01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bbi00230 bbi01232 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bbi00230 bbi01232 bbi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bbi00230 bbi00240 bbi01232 bbi01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:bbi00230 bbi01232 bbi01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:bbi00230 bbi01232 bbi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:bbi00240 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bbi00240 bbi01232 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bbi00240 bbi01232 bbi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:bbi00240 bbi00770 bbi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bbi00260 bbi00680 bbi01200 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:bbi00260 bbi01230 bbi01100 bbi01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bbi00260 bbi00630 bbi00670 bbi00785 bbi01200 bbi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bbi00260 bbi00670 bbi01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:bbi00260 bbi00670 bbi01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:bbi00260 bbi00270 bbi00670 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:bbi00270 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:bbi00270 bbi01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:bbi00270 bbi00670 bbi01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bbi00290 bbi00770 bbi01210 bbi01230 bbi01100 bbi01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bbi00290 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:bbi00290 bbi01210 bbi01230 bbi01100 bbi01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bbi00280 bbi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bbi00300 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:bbi00310 bbi01210 bbi01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:bbi00220 bbi01210 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bbi00220 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bbi00330 bbi01230 bbi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bbi00330 bbi01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:bbi00330 bbi01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:bbi00330 bbi00260 bbi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:bbi00330 bbi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bbi00340 bbi01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:bbi00350 bbi01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:bbi00350 bbi01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bbi00350 bbi01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:bbi00380 bbi01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:bbi00380 bbi01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:bbi00250 bbi00650 bbi01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bbi00480 bbi01240 bbi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bbi00520 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bbi00520 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:bbi00520 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:bbi00520 bbi00052 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:bbi00520 bbi00052 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:bbi00520 bbi00051 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:bbi00520 bbi00051 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:bbi00520 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:bbi00541 bbi01250 bbi01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:bbi00521 bbi00523 bbi00541 bbi01250 bbi01100 bbi01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:bbi00541 bbi00051 bbi01250 bbi01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:bbi01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:bbi01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:bbi01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:bbi01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:bbi01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:bbi01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:bbi01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:bbi01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:bbi01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:bbi01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:bbi01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:bbi01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:bbi01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:bbi01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:bbi01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:bbi01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:bbi01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:bbi01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:bbi00750 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bbi00760 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bbi00380 bbi00760 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bbi00770 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:bbi00785 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:bbi00785 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:bbi00790 bbi00670 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:bbi00790 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bbi00790 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:bbi00670 bbi01240 bbi01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:bbi01240 bbi01100 bbi01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:bbi00130 bbi01240 bbi01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:bbi00900 bbi01100 bbi01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:bbi00900 bbi01100 bbi01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
M01047 Juvenile hormone biosynthesis, insects, farnesyl-PP => juvenile hormone III [PATH:bbi01100]
M01013 Molting hormone biosynthesis, insects, 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone => ecdysone => 20-hydroxyecdysone [PATH:bbi01100]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity