KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bta00010 bta01200 bta01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bta00010 bta01200 bta01230 bta01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bta00010 bta00020 bta01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bta00010 bta00020 bta00620 bta00785 bta01200 bta01210 bta01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bta00020 bta01200 bta01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bta00020 bta01200 bta01210 bta01230 bta01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bta00020 bta01200 bta01210 bta01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bta00030 bta01200 bta01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:bta00030 bta01200 bta01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:bta00030 bta01200 bta01230 bta01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:bta00030 bta00230 bta01200 bta01230 bta01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:bta00030 bta01200 bta01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:bta00040 bta01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:bta00052 bta01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:bta00040 bta00053 bta01240 bta01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:bta00500 bta01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:bta00500 bta01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:bta00520 bta01250 bta01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:bta00520 bta00052 bta01250 bta01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bta00520 bta01250 bta01100]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bta00410 bta00640 bta01200 bta01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:bta00280 bta00630 bta00640 bta01200 bta01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:bta00562 bta01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:bta00562 bta01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:bta00562 bta01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:bta00620 bta01200 bta01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bta00190 bta01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bta00061 bta01212 bta01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bta00061 bta01212 bta01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:bta00061 bta01212 bta01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:bta00062 bta01212 bta01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:bta00062 bta01040 bta01212 bta01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bta00061 bta00071 bta01212 bta01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bta00071 bta01212 bta01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:bta01040 bta01212 bta01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:bta00100 bta01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:bta00100 bta01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:bta00120 bta01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:bta00120 bta01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:bta00140 bta01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:bta00140 bta01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:bta00140 bta01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:bta00140 bta01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:bta00140 bta01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:bta00561 bta01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bta00561 bta01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:bta00564 bta01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:bta00564 bta01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:bta00564 bta01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:bta00564 bta01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bta00600 bta01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bta00600 bta01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:bta00600 bta00565 bta01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:bta00600 bta01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:bta00600 bta01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:bta00230 bta01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bta00230 bta01232 bta01240 bta01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bta00230 bta01232 bta01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bta00230 bta00240 bta01232 bta01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:bta00230 bta01232 bta01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:bta00230 bta01232 bta01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:bta00240 bta01240 bta01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bta00240 bta01232 bta01240 bta01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bta00240 bta01232 bta01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:bta00240 bta00410 bta00770 bta01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bta00260 bta01200 bta01230 bta01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:bta00260 bta01230 bta01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bta00260 bta00630 bta00785 bta01200 bta01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bta00260 bta01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:bta00260 bta01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:bta00260 bta00270 bta01230 bta01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:bta00270 bta01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:bta00270 bta01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bta00280 bta01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bta01230 bta01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:bta00310 bta01210 bta01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:bta00220 bta01210 bta01230 bta01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bta00220 bta01230 bta01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:bta00220 bta01230 bta01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bta00330 bta01230 bta01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bta00330 bta01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:bta00330 bta01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:bta00330 bta00260 bta01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:bta00330 bta01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:bta00330 bta01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bta00340 bta01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:bta00400 bta01230 bta01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:bta00350 bta01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:bta00350 bta01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bta00350 bta01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:bta00380 bta01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:bta00380 bta01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:bta00250 bta00650 bta01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bta00480 bta01240 bta01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:bta00510 bta01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:bta00510 bta01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:bta00510 bta01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:bta00512 bta01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:bta00515 bta01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:bta00563 bta01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:bta00601 bta01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:bta00601 bta01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:bta00603 bta01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:bta00604 bta01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:bta00532 bta00534 bta01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:bta00532 bta01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:bta00534 bta01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:bta00531 bta01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:bta00531 bta01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:bta00531 bta01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:bta00531 bta01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bta00380 bta00760 bta01240 bta01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bta00770 bta01240 bta01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:bta00785 bta01240 bta01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:bta00785 bta01240 bta01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:bta00785 bta01240 bta01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:bta00790 bta01240 bta01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bta00790 bta01240 bta01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:bta00670 bta01240 bta01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:bta00670 bta01240 bta01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:bta00860 bta01240 bta01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:bta00130 bta01240 bta01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:bta00900 bta01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:bta00900 bta01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity