KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:bte00010 bte01200 bte01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:bte00010 bte01200 bte01230 bte01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:bte00010 bte00020 bte01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bte00010 bte00020 bte00620 bte00785 bte01200 bte01210 bte01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:bte00020 bte01200 bte01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bte00020 bte01200 bte01210 bte01230 bte01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:bte00020 bte01200 bte01210 bte01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:bte00030 bte01200 bte01100 bte01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:bte00030 bte01200 bte01100 bte01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:bte00030 bte01200 bte01230 bte01100 bte01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:bte00030 bte00230 bte01200 bte01230 bte01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:bte00030 bte01200 bte01100 bte01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:bte00040 bte01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:bte00052 bte01100]
M00552 Galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:bte00052 bte01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:bte00500 bte01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:bte00500 bte01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:bte00630 bte01200 bte01100 bte01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:bte00410 bte00640 bte01200 bte01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:bte00640 bte00020 bte01200 bte01100 bte01120]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:bte00562 bte01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:bte00562 bte01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:bte00562 bte01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:bte00620 bte00710 bte01200 bte01100 bte01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:bte00430 bte00620 bte00720 bte01200 bte01100 bte01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:bte00030 bte00680 bte01200 bte01230 bte01100 bte01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:bte00910 bte01310 bte01100 bte01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:bte00910 bte01310 bte01100 bte01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:bte00920 bte01320 bte01100 bte01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:bte00190 bte01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:bte00061 bte01212 bte01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:bte00061 bte01212 bte01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:bte01212 bte01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:bte01040 bte01212 bte01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:bte00061 bte00071 bte01212 bte01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:bte00071 bte01212 bte01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:bte01040 bte01212 bte01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:bte00561 bte01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:bte00561 bte01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:bte00564 bte01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:bte00564 bte01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:bte00564 bte01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:bte00564 bte01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:bte00600 bte01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:bte00600 bte01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:bte00600 bte01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:bte00230 bte01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:bte00230 bte01232 bte01240 bte01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:bte00230 bte01232 bte01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:bte00230 bte00240 bte01232 bte01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:bte00230 bte01232 bte01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:bte00230 bte01232 bte01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:bte00240 bte01240 bte01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:bte00240 bte01232 bte01240 bte01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:bte00240 bte01232 bte01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:bte00240 bte00410 bte00770 bte01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bte00260 bte00680 bte01200 bte01230 bte01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:bte00260 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bte00260 bte00630 bte00670 bte00785 bte01200 bte01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bte00260 bte00670 bte01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:bte00260 bte01100]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:bte00260 bte01100 bte01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:bte00270 bte00920 bte01320 bte01200 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:bte00260 bte00270 bte00670 bte01230 bte01100]
M00609 Cysteine biosynthesis, methionine => cysteine [PATH:bte00270 bte01230 bte01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:bte00270 bte01230 bte01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:bte00270 bte01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:bte00270 bte00670 bte01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bte00290 bte00770 bte01210 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:bte00290 bte01230 bte01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:bte00290 bte01210 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:bte00280 bte01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bte00300 bte01230 bte01100]
M00525 Lysine biosynthesis, acetyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:bte00300 bte01230 bte01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:bte00220 bte01210 bte01230 bte01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:bte00220 bte01230 bte01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:bte00330 bte01230 bte01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:bte00330 bte01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:bte00330 bte01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:bte00330 bte01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:bte00330 bte01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:bte00330 bte01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:bte00340 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:bte00340 bte01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:bte00400 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:bte00400 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:bte00400 bte01230 bte01100 bte01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:bte00400 bte01230 bte01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:bte00350 bte01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:bte00350 bte01220 bte01100 bte01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:bte00250 bte00650 bte01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:bte00480 bte01240 bte01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:bte00470 bte01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bte00520 bte01250 bte01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bte00520 bte01250 bte01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:bte00520 bte01250 bte01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:bte00520 bte01250 bte01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:bte00520 bte01250 bte01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:bte00520 bte01250 bte01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:bte00520 bte00052 bte01250 bte01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:bte00520 bte00051 bte01250 bte01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:bte00520 bte00051 bte01250 bte01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:bte00541 bte01250 bte01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:bte00541 bte01250 bte01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:bte00541 bte01250 bte01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:bte00521 bte00523 bte00541 bte01250 bte01100 bte01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:bte00541 bte00051 bte01250 bte01100]
M01019 GDP-6-deoxy-Tal biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-6-deoxy-Tal [PATH:bte00541 bte00051 bte01250 bte01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:bte01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:bte01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:bte01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:bte01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:bte01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:bte01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00895 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/glycine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:bte00730 bte01240 bte01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:bte00730 bte01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:bte00740 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:bte00750 bte01240 bte01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:bte00760 bte01240 bte01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:bte00770 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:bte00770 bte01240 bte01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:bte00780 bte01240 bte01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:bte00785 bte01240 bte01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:bte00785 bte01240 bte01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:bte00790 bte00670 bte01240 bte01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:bte00790 bte01240 bte01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:bte00790 bte01240 bte01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:bte00790 bte01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:bte00670 bte01240 bte01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:bte00860 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:bte00860 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:bte00860 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:bte00860 bte01240 bte01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:bte00860 bte01240 bte01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:bte00130 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:bte00130 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:bte00130 bte01240 bte01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:bte00130 bte01240 bte01100 bte01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:bte00900 bte01100 bte01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:bte00900 bte01100 bte01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:bte00900 bte01100 bte01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:bte00900 bte01100 bte01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
M00877 Kanosamine biosynthesis, glucose-6P => kanosamine [PATH:bte00998 bte01100 bte01110]
M00787 Bacilysin biosynthesis, prephenate => bacilysin [PATH:bte00998 bte01100 bte01110]

Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
M01047 Juvenile hormone biosynthesis, insects, farnesyl-PP => juvenile hormone III [PATH:bte01100]
M01013 Molting hormone biosynthesis, insects, 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone => ecdysone => 20-hydroxyecdysone [PATH:bte01100]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:bte00361 bte00362 bte01220 bte01100 bte01120]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:bte00362 bte00622 bte01220 bte01100 bte01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:bte00627 bte01100 bte01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:bte00362 bte01220 bte01100 bte01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:bte00362 bte00622 bte01220 bte01100 bte01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00643 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexXY-OprM
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation