KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cgl00010 cgl01200 cgl01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cgl00010 cgl01200 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cgl00010 cgl00020 cgl01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cgl00010 cgl00020 cgl00620 cgl00785 cgl01200 cgl01210 cgl01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cgl00020 cgl01200 cgl01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cgl00020 cgl01200 cgl01210 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cgl00020 cgl01200 cgl01210 cgl01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cgl00030 cgl01200 cgl01100 cgl01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:cgl00030 cgl01200 cgl01100 cgl01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:cgl00030 cgl01200 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:cgl00030 cgl00230 cgl01200 cgl01230 cgl01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cgl00040 cgl01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cgl00052 cgl01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cgl00500 cgl01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cgl00500 cgl01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:cgl00630 cgl01200 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cgl00410 cgl00640 cgl01200 cgl01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cgl00280 cgl00630 cgl00640 cgl01200 cgl01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:cgl00640 cgl00020 cgl01200 cgl01100 cgl01120]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cgl00562 cgl01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cgl00562 cgl01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:cgl00620 cgl00710 cgl01200 cgl01100 cgl01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:cgl00430 cgl00620 cgl00720 cgl01200 cgl01100 cgl01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cgl00190 cgl01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cgl00061 cgl01212 cgl01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cgl00061 cgl01212 cgl01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cgl01212 cgl01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cgl01212 cgl01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cgl00061 cgl00071 cgl01212 cgl01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cgl00071 cgl01212 cgl01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cgl01212 cgl01100]
M00887 Mycolic acid biosynthesis, meromycolic acid + alpha-carboxyacyl-CoA + trehalose => TMM => TDM/mAGP/GMM [PATH:cgl00074 cgl01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cgl00561 cgl01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cgl00561 cgl01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cgl00564 cgl01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cgl00564 cgl01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:cgl00564 cgl01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cgl01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cgl01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cgl01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cgl00230 cgl01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cgl00230 cgl01232 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cgl00230 cgl01232 cgl01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cgl00230 cgl00240 cgl01232 cgl01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cgl00230 cgl01232 cgl01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cgl00230 cgl01232 cgl01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:cgl00230 cgl01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cgl00240 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cgl00240 cgl01232 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cgl00240 cgl01232 cgl01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cgl00240 cgl00410 cgl00770 cgl01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cgl00260 cgl00680 cgl01200 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:cgl00260 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cgl00260 cgl00630 cgl00670 cgl00785 cgl01200 cgl01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:cgl00270 cgl00920 cgl01320 cgl01200 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cgl00260 cgl00270 cgl00670 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:cgl00270 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cgl00270 cgl00670 cgl01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cgl00290 cgl00770 cgl01210 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cgl00290 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:cgl00290 cgl01210 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cgl00280 cgl01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:cgl00300 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:cgl00300 cgl01230 cgl01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:cgl00220 cgl01210 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cgl00220 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cgl00330 cgl01230 cgl01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cgl00330 cgl01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cgl00330 cgl01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:cgl00330 cgl01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cgl00330 cgl01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:cgl00340 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cgl00340 cgl01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:cgl00400 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:cgl00400 cgl01230 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cgl00350 cgl01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cgl00250 cgl00650 cgl01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cgl00480 cgl01240 cgl01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cgl00520 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cgl00520 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cgl00520 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:cgl00520 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:cgl00520 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:cgl00520 cgl00052 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:cgl00520 cgl00053 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:cgl00520 cgl00052 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:cgl00520 cgl00051 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M01036 UDP-GalNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-GalNAcA [PATH:cgl00541 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00923 UDP-L-FucNAc biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-L-FucNAc [PATH:cgl00541 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:cgl00541 cgl01250 cgl01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:cgl00521 cgl00523 cgl00541 cgl01250 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:cgl00541 cgl00051 cgl01250 cgl01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cgl01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:cgl01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cgl01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:cgl01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cgl01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cgl01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cgl01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
M00888 Galactofuranan biosynthesis, decaprenyl phosphate + UDP-GlcNAc (+ dTDP-Rha/UDP-Galf) => GL-5 [PATH:cgl00572 cgl01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:cgl00730 cgl01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:cgl00750 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cgl00760 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:cgl00770 cgl01240 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cgl00770 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:cgl00780 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00577 Biotin biosynthesis, BioW pathway, pimelate => pimeloyl-CoA => biotin [PATH:cgl00780 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:cgl00785 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cgl00785 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cgl00785 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:cgl00790 cgl00670 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cgl00790 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cgl00790 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:cgl00670 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cgl00670 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:cgl00860 cgl01240 cgl01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:cgl00860 cgl01240 cgl01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cgl00900 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:cgl00900 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:cgl00900 cgl01100 cgl01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cgl00900 cgl01100 cgl01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 Lycopene biosynthesis, geranylgeranyl-PP => lycopene [PATH:cgl01100 cgl01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
M01047 Juvenile hormone biosynthesis, insects, farnesyl-PP => juvenile hormone III [PATH:cgl01100]
M01013 Molting hormone biosynthesis, insects, 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone => ecdysone => 20-hydroxyecdysone [PATH:cgl01100]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:cgl00362 cgl00622 cgl01220 cgl01100 cgl01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:cgl00362 cgl01220 cgl01100 cgl01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:cgl01501]

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity