KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:enr00010 enr01200 enr01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:enr00010 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:enr00010 enr00020 enr01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:enr00010 enr00020 enr00620 enr01200 enr01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:enr00020 enr01200 enr01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:enr00020 enr01200 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:enr00020 enr01200 enr01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100 enr01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:enr00030 enr00230 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:enr00040 enr00030 enr01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:enr00040 enr00030 enr01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:enr00052 enr01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:enr00500 enr01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:enr00500 enr01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:enr00500 enr01100 enr01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:enr00520 enr01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:enr00520 enr00052 enr01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:enr00520 enr01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:enr00630 enr01200 enr01100 enr01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:enr00620 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:enr00430 enr00620 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:enr00910 enr01100 enr01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:enr00910 enr01100 enr01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:enr00920 enr01100 enr01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:enr00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:enr00190]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:enr00190]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:enr00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:enr00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:enr00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:enr00061 enr01212 enr01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:enr00061 enr01212 enr01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:enr00061 enr00071 enr01212 enr01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:enr00071 enr01212 enr01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:enr00564 enr01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 Inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:enr00230 enr01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:enr00230 enr01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:enr00230 enr01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:enr00240 enr01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:enr00240 enr01100]
M00053 Pyrimidine deoxyribonuleotide biosynthesis, CDP/CTP => dCDP/dCTP,dTDP/dTTP [PATH:enr00240 enr01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:enr00260 enr00680 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:enr00260 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:enr00260 enr01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:enr00270 enr00920 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:enr00260 enr00270 enr01230 enr01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, apartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:enr00270 enr01230 enr01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:enr00270 enr01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:enr00290 enr00770 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:enr00290 enr01230 enr01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:enr00290 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:enr00300 enr01230 enr01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:enr00220 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:enr00220 enr01230 enr01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:enr00330 enr01230 enr01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:enr00330 enr01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:enr00340 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:enr00340 enr01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylalanine [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => tyrosine [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:enr00250 enr00650 enr01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:enr00480 enr01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:enr00540 enr01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:enr00540 enr01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:enr00540 enr01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, AIR => thiamine-P/thiamine-2P [PATH:enr00730 enr01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:enr00740 enr01100 enr01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-5P [PATH:enr00750 enr01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => NAD [PATH:enr00760 enr01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:enr00770 enr01100 enr01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:enr00770 enr01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:enr00780 enr01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:enr00780 enr01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:enr00790 enr00670 enr01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:enr00790 enr01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:enr00860 enr01100 enr01110]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamate => siroheme [PATH:enr00860 enr01100 enr01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobinamide => cobalamin [PATH:enr00860 enr01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate => ubiquinone [PATH:enr00130 enr01100 enr01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate => menaquinol [PATH:enr00130 enr01100 enr01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:enr00900 enr01100 enr01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:enr00900 enr01100 enr01110]

Other terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:enr00521 enr00523 enr01100]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
beta-Lactam biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation