KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:enr00010 enr01200 enr01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:enr00010 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:enr00010 enr00020 enr01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:enr00010 enr00020 enr00620 enr00785 enr01200 enr01210 enr01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:enr00020 enr01200 enr01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:enr00020 enr01200 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:enr00020 enr01200 enr01210 enr01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100 enr01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:enr00030 enr00230 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:enr00030 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:enr00040 enr00030 enr01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:enr00040 enr00030 enr01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:enr00052 enr01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:enr00500 enr01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:enr00500 enr01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:enr00500 enr01100 enr01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:enr00630 enr01200 enr01100 enr01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:enr00620 enr00710 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:enr00430 enr00620 enr00720 enr01200 enr01100 enr01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:enr00910 enr01310 enr01100 enr01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:enr00910 enr01310 enr01100 enr01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:enr00920 enr01320 enr01100 enr01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:enr00190 enr01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:enr00190 enr01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:enr00190 enr01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:enr00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:enr00190 enr01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:enr00190 enr01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:enr00061 enr01212 enr01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:enr00061 enr01212 enr01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:enr00061 enr00071 enr01212 enr01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:enr00071 enr01212 enr01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:enr00564 enr01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:enr00230 enr01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:enr00230 enr01232 enr01240 enr01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:enr00230 enr01232 enr01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:enr00230 enr00240 enr01232 enr01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:enr00240 enr01240 enr01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:enr00240 enr01232 enr01240 enr01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:enr00240 enr01232 enr01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:enr00260 enr00680 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:enr00260 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:enr00260 enr00630 enr00670 enr00785 enr01200 enr01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:enr00260 enr00670 enr01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:enr00270 enr00920 enr01320 enr01200 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:enr00260 enr00270 enr00670 enr01230 enr01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:enr00270 enr01230 enr01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:enr00270 enr01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:enr00290 enr00770 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:enr00290 enr01230 enr01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:enr00290 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:enr00300 enr01230 enr01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:enr00220 enr01210 enr01230 enr01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:enr00220 enr01230 enr01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:enr00330 enr01230 enr01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:enr00330 enr01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:enr00330 enr01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:enr00340 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:enr00340 enr01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100 enr01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:enr00400 enr01230 enr01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:enr00250 enr00650 enr01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:enr00480 enr01240 enr01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:enr00520 enr01250 enr01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:enr00520 enr01250]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:enr00520 enr01250 enr01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:enr00520 enr00053 enr01250]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:enr00520 enr00052 enr01250 enr01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:enr00520 enr01250]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:enr00541 enr01250 enr01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:enr00541 enr01250 enr01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:enr00541 enr01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:enr00521 enr00523 enr00541 enr01250 enr01100 enr01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:enr00540 enr01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:enr00730 enr01240 enr01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:enr00730 enr01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:enr00740 enr01240 enr01100 enr01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:enr00750 enr01240 enr01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:enr00760 enr01240 enr01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:enr00770 enr01240 enr01100 enr01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:enr00770 enr01240 enr01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:enr00780 enr01240 enr01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:enr00780 enr01240 enr01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:enr00785 enr01240 enr01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:enr00790 enr00670 enr01240 enr01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:enr00790 enr01240 enr01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:enr00790 enr01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:enr00860 enr01240 enr01100 enr01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:enr00860 enr01240 enr01100 enr01110]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:enr00860 enr01240 enr01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:enr00860 enr01240 enr01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:enr00130 enr01240 enr01100 enr01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:enr00130 enr01240 enr01100 enr01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:enr00130 enr01240 enr01100 enr01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:enr00900 enr01100 enr01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:enr00900 enr01100 enr01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation