KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hbr00010 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hbr00010 hbr01200 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hbr00010 hbr00020 hbr01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hbr00010 hbr00020 hbr00620 hbr00785 hbr01200 hbr01210 hbr01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hbr00020 hbr01200 hbr01210 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:hbr00030 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:hbr00030 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:hbr00030 hbr01200 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:hbr00030 hbr00230 hbr01200 hbr01230 hbr01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:hbr00040 hbr01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:hbr00051 hbr00053 hbr01240 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hbr00500 hbr01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:hbr00630 hbr01200 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:hbr00630 hbr01200 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:hbr00562 hbr01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:hbr00710 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:hbr00620 hbr00710 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:hbr00620 hbr00710 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:hbr00620 hbr00710 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:hbr00710 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:hbr00710 hbr01200 hbr01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:hbr00910 hbr01310 hbr01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:hbr00920 hbr01320 hbr01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:hbr00195 hbr01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:hbr00195 hbr01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:hbr00190 hbr01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:hbr00190 hbr00195 hbr01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hbr00061 hbr01212 hbr01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hbr00061 hbr01212 hbr01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:hbr00062 hbr01040 hbr01212 hbr01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hbr00061 hbr00071 hbr01212 hbr01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hbr00071 hbr01212 hbr01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:hbr00100 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:hbr00561 hbr01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:hbr00561 hbr01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:hbr00564 hbr01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:hbr00600 hbr01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:hbr00592 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hbr00230 hbr01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hbr00230 hbr01232 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hbr00230 hbr01232 hbr01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hbr00230 hbr00240 hbr01232 hbr01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hbr00240 hbr01232 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:hbr00240 hbr01232 hbr01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:hbr00240 hbr00410 hbr00770 hbr01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hbr00260 hbr01200 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:hbr00260 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hbr00260 hbr00630 hbr00670 hbr00785 hbr01200 hbr01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hbr00260 hbr00670 hbr01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:hbr00270 hbr00920 hbr01320 hbr01200 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:hbr00270 hbr01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:hbr00270 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hbr00290 hbr00770 hbr01210 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hbr00290 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:hbr00290 hbr01210 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:hbr00280 hbr01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:hbr00300 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:hbr00220 hbr01210 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hbr00220 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hbr00330 hbr01230 hbr01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:hbr00330 hbr01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:hbr00330 hbr01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:hbr00330 hbr01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:hbr00340 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:hbr00400 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:hbr00400 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:hbr00400 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:hbr00400 hbr01230 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:hbr00350 hbr01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:hbr00250 hbr00650 hbr01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hbr00480 hbr01240 hbr01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hbr00520 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hbr00520 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:hbr00520 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M00998 UDP-L-Ara biosynthesis, L-Ala => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:hbr00520 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:hbr00520 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M00994 UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:hbr00562 hbr00520 hbr00053 hbr00040 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:hbr00520 hbr00053 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:hbr00520 hbr01250 hbr01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:hbr00520 hbr01250 hbr01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:hbr00510 hbr01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:hbr00510 hbr00513 hbr01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:hbr00510 hbr01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:hbr00563 hbr01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:hbr00730 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:hbr00730 hbr01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:hbr00740 hbr01240 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:hbr00750 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hbr00760 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hbr00770 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:hbr00780 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:hbr00785 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:hbr00785 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:hbr00790 hbr00670 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hbr00790 hbr01240 hbr01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:hbr00860 hbr01240 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:hbr00130 hbr01240 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:hbr00130 hbr01240 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:hbr00130 hbr01240 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:hbr00900 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:hbr00900 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:hbr00900 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:hbr00906 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:hbr00906 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:hbr00905 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:hbr00904 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:hbr00904 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:hbr00940 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:hbr00940 hbr00941 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00940 Flavanone biosynthesis, p-coumaroyl-CoA => liquiritigenin [PATH:hbr00941 hbr01100 hbr01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:hbr00941 hbr01100 hbr01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation