KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hpi00010 hpi01200 hpi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hpi00010 hpi01200 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hpi00010 hpi00020 hpi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hpi00010 hpi00020 hpi00620 hpi01200 hpi01210 hpi01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:hpi00020 hpi01200 hpi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hpi00020 hpi01200 hpi01210 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:hpi00020 hpi01200 hpi01210 hpi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:hpi00030 hpi01200 hpi01100 hpi01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:hpi00030 hpi01200 hpi01100 hpi01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:hpi00030 hpi01200 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:hpi00030 hpi00230 hpi01200 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:hpi00030 hpi01200 hpi01100 hpi01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:hpi00052 hpi01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hpi00500 hpi01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:hpi00630 hpi01200 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:hpi00640 hpi00020 hpi01200 hpi01100 hpi01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:hpi00620 hpi00710 hpi01200 hpi01100 hpi01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:hpi00430 hpi00620 hpi00720 hpi01200 hpi01100 hpi01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:hpi00910 hpi01100 hpi01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:hpi00920 hpi01100 hpi01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:hpi00190 hpi01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hpi00061 hpi01212 hpi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hpi00061 hpi01212 hpi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hpi00061 hpi00071 hpi01212 hpi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hpi00071 hpi01212 hpi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:hpi00564 hpi01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:hpi00564 hpi01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hpi00230 hpi01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hpi00230 hpi01232 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hpi00230 hpi01232 hpi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hpi00230 hpi00240 hpi01232 hpi01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:hpi00230 hpi01232 hpi01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:hpi00230 hpi01232 hpi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hpi00240 hpi01232 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:hpi00240 hpi01232 hpi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:hpi00240 hpi00410 hpi00770 hpi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hpi00260 hpi00680 hpi01200 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:hpi00260 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hpi00260 hpi00630 hpi00670 hpi01200 hpi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hpi00260 hpi00670 hpi01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:hpi00260 hpi01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:hpi00260 hpi01210 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01120]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:hpi00260 hpi01100 hpi01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:hpi00270 hpi00920 hpi01200 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:hpi00270 hpi01230 hpi01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hpi00290 hpi00770 hpi01210 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:hpi00290 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:hpi00290 hpi01210 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:hpi00280 hpi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:hpi00300 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:hpi00300 hpi01230 hpi01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:hpi00220 hpi01210 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hpi00220 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hpi00330 hpi01230 hpi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:hpi00330 hpi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:hpi00330 hpi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:hpi01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:hpi00400 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:hpi00400 hpi01230 hpi01100 hpi01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hpi00480 hpi01240 hpi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hpi00520 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:hpi00520 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:hpi00520 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:hpi00520 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:hpi00520 hpi00052 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:hpi00520 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:hpi00520 hpi00052 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M01036 UDP-GalNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-GalNAcA [PATH:hpi00541 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M01007 CMP-Pse5Ac7Ac biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Pse5Ac7Ac [PATH:hpi00541 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:hpi00541 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:hpi00541 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:hpi00541 hpi01250 hpi01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:hpi00521 hpi00541 hpi01250 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:hpi00541 hpi00051 hpi01250 hpi01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:hpi00540 hpi01100]
M00866 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, non-LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:hpi00540 hpi01100]
M00867 KDO2-lipid A modification pathway [PATH:hpi00540 hpi01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:hpi00730 hpi01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:hpi00740 hpi01240 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:hpi00750 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hpi00760 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:hpi00770 hpi01240 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hpi00770 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:hpi00780 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:hpi00790 hpi00670 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hpi00790 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:hpi00790 hpi01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:hpi00860 hpi01240 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:hpi00860 hpi01240 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:hpi00860 hpi01240 hpi01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:hpi00130 hpi01240 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:hpi00130 hpi01240 hpi01100 hpi01110]
M00931 Menaquinone biosynthesis, modified futalosine pathway [PATH:hpi00130 hpi01240 hpi01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M01058 Achromobactin biosynthesis, serine + citrate => achromobactin [PATH:hpi01100 hpi01110]

Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:hpi00362 hpi01220 hpi01100 hpi01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:hpi00362 hpi01220 hpi01100 hpi01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation