KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hsa00010 hsa01200 hsa01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hsa00010 hsa01200 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hsa00010 hsa00020 hsa01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hsa00010 hsa00020 hsa00620 hsa01200 hsa01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:hsa00020 hsa01200 hsa01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hsa00020 hsa01200 hsa01210 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:hsa00020 hsa01200 hsa01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:hsa00030 hsa01200 hsa01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:hsa00030 hsa01200 hsa01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:hsa00030 hsa01200 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:hsa00030 hsa00230 hsa01200 hsa01230 hsa01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:hsa00040 hsa01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:hsa00052 hsa01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hsa00500 hsa01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:hsa00500 hsa01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:hsa00520 hsa01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:hsa00520 hsa00052 hsa01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:hsa00280 hsa00630 hsa00640 hsa01200 hsa01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:hsa00562 hsa01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:hsa00562 hsa01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:hsa00562 hsa01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:hsa00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:hsa00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:hsa00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:hsa00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:hsa00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:hsa00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:hsa00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:hsa00190]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:hsa00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:hsa00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hsa00061 hsa01212 hsa01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hsa00061 hsa01212 hsa01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:hsa00061 hsa01212 hsa01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:hsa00062 hsa01212 hsa01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:hsa00062 hsa01040 hsa01212 hsa01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hsa00061 hsa00071 hsa01212 hsa01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hsa00071 hsa01212 hsa01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:hsa01040 hsa01212 hsa01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:hsa00100 hsa01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00100 hsa01100]
M00104 Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate/chenodeoxycholate [PATH:hsa00120 hsa01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:hsa00120 hsa01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:hsa00120 hsa01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => prognenolone => progesterone [PATH:hsa00140 hsa01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH:hsa00140 hsa01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:hsa00140 hsa01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:hsa00140 hsa01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00561 hsa01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:hsa00561 hsa01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:hsa00564 hsa01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:hsa00564 hsa01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:hsa00564 hsa01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00600 hsa01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00600 hsa01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:hsa00600 hsa00565 hsa01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00600 hsa01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:hsa00600 hsa01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 Inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hsa00230 hsa01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hsa00230 hsa01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hsa00230 hsa01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:hsa00240 hsa01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hsa00240 hsa01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:hsa00240 hsa01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hsa00260 hsa01200 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hsa00260 hsa01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:hsa00260 hsa00270 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:hsa00270 hsa01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:hsa00270 hsa01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:hsa00280 hsa01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:hsa00310 hsa01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hsa00220 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:hsa00220 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hsa00330 hsa01230 hsa01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:hsa00330 hsa01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:hsa00330 hsa01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:hsa00330 hsa01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:hsa00330 hsa01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:hsa00340 hsa01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:hsa00350 hsa01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:hsa00350 hsa01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:hsa00350 hsa01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:hsa00380 hsa01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:hsa00380 hsa01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:hsa00250 hsa00650 hsa01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hsa00480 hsa01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00510 hsa01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:hsa00510 hsa00513 hsa01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:hsa00510 hsa01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:hsa00510 hsa01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:hsa00512 hsa01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:hsa00515 hsa01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:hsa00563 hsa01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:hsa00601 hsa01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:hsa00601 hsa01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:hsa00603 hsa01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:hsa00604 hsa01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:hsa00532 hsa00534 hsa01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:hsa00532 hsa01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:hsa00534 hsa01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:hsa00531 hsa01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:hsa00531 hsa01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:hsa00531 hsa01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:hsa00531 hsa01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hsa00770 hsa01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:hsa00790 hsa01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hsa00790]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:hsa00670 hsa01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:hsa00860 hsa01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate => ubiquinone [PATH:hsa00130 hsa01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:hsa00900 hsa01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:hsa00900 hsa01100]

Other terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
beta-Lactam biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity