KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:kpu00010 kpu01200 kpu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:kpu00010 kpu01200 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:kpu00010 kpu00020 kpu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:kpu00010 kpu00020 kpu00620 kpu00785 kpu01200 kpu01210 kpu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:kpu00020 kpu01200 kpu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:kpu00020 kpu01200 kpu01210 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:kpu00020 kpu01200 kpu01210 kpu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:kpu00030 kpu01200 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:kpu00030 kpu01200 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:kpu00030 kpu01200 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:kpu00030 kpu00230 kpu01200 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:kpu00030 kpu01200 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 Galacturonate degradation, bacteria, galacturonate => pyruvate + glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:kpu00040 kpu00030 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00061 Glucuronate degradation, glucuronate => pyruvate + glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:kpu00040 kpu00030 kpu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:kpu00052 kpu01100]
M00552 Galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:kpu00052 kpu01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:kpu00053 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:kpu00500 kpu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:kpu00500 kpu01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:kpu00630 kpu01200 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:kpu00280 kpu00630 kpu00640 kpu01200 kpu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:kpu00620 kpu00710 kpu01200 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:kpu00430 kpu00620 kpu00720 kpu01200 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:kpu00910 kpu01310 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:kpu00910 kpu01310 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:kpu00920 kpu01320 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:kpu00190 kpu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:kpu00061 kpu01212 kpu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:kpu00061 kpu01212 kpu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:kpu00061 kpu00071 kpu01212 kpu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:kpu00071 kpu01212 kpu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:kpu00564 kpu01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:kpu00564 kpu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:kpu00230 kpu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:kpu00230 kpu01232 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:kpu00230 kpu01232 kpu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:kpu00230 kpu00240 kpu01232 kpu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:kpu00240 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:kpu00240 kpu01232 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:kpu00240 kpu01232 kpu01100]
M00939 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => 3-hydroxypropanoate [PATH:kpu00240 kpu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:kpu00260 kpu00680 kpu01200 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:kpu00260 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:kpu00260 kpu00630 kpu00670 kpu00785 kpu01200 kpu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:kpu00260 kpu00670 kpu01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:kpu00260 kpu01210 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:kpu00270 kpu00920 kpu01320 kpu01200 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:kpu00260 kpu00270 kpu00670 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:kpu00270 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:kpu00270 kpu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:kpu00270 kpu00670 kpu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:kpu00290 kpu00770 kpu01210 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:kpu00290 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:kpu00290 kpu01210 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:kpu00300 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00956 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => succinate [PATH:kpu00310 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:kpu00220 kpu01210 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:kpu00220 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00978 Ornithine-ammonia cycle [PATH:kpu00220 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:kpu00330 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:kpu00330 kpu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:kpu00330 kpu01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:kpu00330 kpu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:kpu00330 kpu01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:kpu00330 kpu01100]
M00136 GABA biosynthesis, prokaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:kpu00330 kpu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:kpu00340 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:kpu00340 kpu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:kpu00400 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:kpu00400 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:kpu00400 kpu01230 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:kpu00400 kpu01230 kpu01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:kpu00350 kpu01220 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:kpu00250 kpu00650 kpu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:kpu00480 kpu01240 kpu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:kpu00520 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:kpu00520 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:kpu00520 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:kpu00520 kpu00052 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:kpu00520 kpu00053 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:kpu00520 kpu00052 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:kpu00520 kpu00051 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:kpu00541 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:kpu00541 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:kpu00541 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00761 Und-P-alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-L-Ara4FN => Und-P-alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:kpu00541 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:kpu00521 kpu00523 kpu00541 kpu01250 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M01022 dTDP-6-deoxy-L-Tal biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-6-deoxy-L-Tal [PATH:kpu00541 kpu00523 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M01025 dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc [PATH:kpu00541 kpu01250 kpu01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:kpu00541 kpu00051 kpu01250 kpu01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:kpu00540 kpu01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:kpu00730 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:kpu00730 kpu01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:kpu00740 kpu01240 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:kpu00750 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:kpu00750 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:kpu00760 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:kpu00770 kpu01240 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:kpu00770 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:kpu00780 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:kpu00780 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:kpu00785 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:kpu00790 kpu00670 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:kpu00790 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:kpu00790 kpu01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:kpu00670 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:kpu00860 kpu01240 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:kpu00860 kpu01240 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:kpu00860 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:kpu00860 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:kpu00860 kpu01240 kpu01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:kpu00130 kpu01240 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:kpu00130 kpu01240 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:kpu00130 kpu01240 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:kpu00130 kpu01240 kpu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:kpu00900 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:kpu00900 kpu01100 kpu01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:kpu00900 kpu01100 kpu01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
M00778 Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:kpu01100 kpu01110]

Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00918 Aerobactin biosynthesis, lysine => aerobactin [PATH:kpu00975 kpu01100 kpu01110]

Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:kpu00362 kpu00622 kpu01220 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:kpu00362 kpu01220 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00878 Phenylacetate degradation, phenylaxetate => acetyl-CoA/succinyl-CoA [PATH:kpu00360 kpu01100 kpu01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:kpu00360 kpu01220 kpu01100 kpu01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00696 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AcrEF-TolC
M00746 Multidrug resistance, repression of porin OmpF

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation