KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:lmi00010 lmi01200 lmi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:lmi00010 lmi01200 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:lmi00010 lmi00020 lmi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:lmi00010 lmi00020 lmi00620 lmi00785 lmi01200 lmi01210 lmi01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:lmi00020 lmi01200 lmi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:lmi00020 lmi01200 lmi01210 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:lmi00020 lmi01200 lmi01210 lmi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:lmi00030 lmi01200 lmi01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:lmi00030 lmi01200 lmi01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:lmi00030 lmi01200 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:lmi00030 lmi00230 lmi01200 lmi01230 lmi01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:lmi00040 lmi01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:lmi00052 lmi01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:lmi00500 lmi01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:lmi00500 lmi01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:lmi00630 lmi01200 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:lmi00280 lmi00630 lmi00640 lmi01200 lmi01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:lmi00562 lmi01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:lmi00562 lmi01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:lmi00562 lmi01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:lmi00620 lmi00710 lmi01200 lmi01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:lmi00620 lmi01200 lmi01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:lmi00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:lmi00190 lmi01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:lmi00061 lmi01212 lmi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:lmi00061 lmi01212 lmi01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:lmi00062 lmi01212 lmi01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:lmi00062 lmi01040 lmi01212 lmi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:lmi00061 lmi00071 lmi01212 lmi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:lmi00071 lmi01212 lmi01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:lmi01040 lmi01212 lmi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:lmi00100 lmi01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:lmi00100 lmi01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:lmi01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:lmi01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:lmi01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:lmi01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:lmi00561 lmi01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:lmi00561 lmi01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:lmi00564 lmi01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:lmi00564 lmi01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:lmi00564 lmi01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:lmi00564 lmi01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:lmi00600 lmi01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:lmi00600 lmi01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:lmi00600 lmi00565 lmi01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:lmi00600 lmi01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:lmi00600 lmi01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:lmi00230 lmi01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:lmi00230 lmi01232 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:lmi00230 lmi01232 lmi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:lmi00230 lmi00240 lmi01232 lmi01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:lmi00230 lmi01232 lmi01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:lmi00230 lmi01232 lmi01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:lmi00230 lmi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:lmi00240 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:lmi00240 lmi01232 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:lmi00240 lmi01232 lmi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:lmi00240 lmi00410 lmi00770 lmi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:lmi00260 lmi01200 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:lmi00260 lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:lmi00260 lmi00630 lmi00670 lmi00785 lmi01200 lmi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:lmi00260 lmi00670 lmi01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:lmi00260 lmi00670 lmi01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:lmi00270 lmi00920 lmi01200 lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:lmi00260 lmi00270 lmi00670 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:lmi00270 lmi01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:lmi00270 lmi00670 lmi01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:lmi00290 lmi00770 lmi01210 lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:lmi00290 lmi01210 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:lmi00290 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:lmi00290 lmi01210 lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:lmi00280 lmi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:lmi00310 lmi01210 lmi01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:lmi00220 lmi01210 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:lmi00220 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:lmi00220 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:lmi00330 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:lmi00330 lmi01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:lmi00330 lmi01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:lmi00330 lmi00260 lmi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:lmi00330 lmi01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:lmi00330 lmi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:lmi00340 lmi01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:lmi00400 lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:lmi00400 lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:lmi00400 lmi01230 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:lmi00400 lmi01230 lmi01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:lmi00350 lmi01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:lmi00350 lmi01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:lmi00350 lmi01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:lmi00380 lmi01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:lmi00380 lmi01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:lmi00250 lmi00650 lmi01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:lmi00480 lmi01240 lmi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:lmi00520 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:lmi00520 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:lmi00520 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:lmi00520 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:lmi00520 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:lmi00520 lmi00052 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:lmi00520 lmi00052 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:lmi00520 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:lmi00520 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M01036 UDP-GalNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-GalNAcA [PATH:lmi00541]
M01035 UDP-ManNAc3NAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAc3NAcA [PATH:lmi00541]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:lmi00541 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:lmi00541 lmi01250 lmi01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:lmi00541 lmi01250 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:lmi00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:lmi00510 lmi01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:lmi00510 lmi00513 lmi01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:lmi00510 lmi01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:lmi00510 lmi01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:lmi01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:lmi00563 lmi01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:lmi01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:lmi01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:lmi01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:lmi01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:lmi01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:lmi01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:lmi01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:lmi01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:lmi01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:lmi01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:lmi00730 lmi01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:lmi00740 lmi01240 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:lmi00760 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:lmi00380 lmi00760 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:lmi00770 lmi01240 lmi01100 lmi01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:lmi00770 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:lmi00780 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:lmi00785 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:lmi00785 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:lmi00785 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:lmi00790 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:lmi00790 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:lmi00790 lmi01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:lmi00670 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:lmi00670 lmi01240 lmi01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:lmi00130 lmi01240 lmi01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:lmi00900 lmi01100 lmi01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity