KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mcal00010 mcal01200 mcal01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mcal00010 mcal01200 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mcal00010 mcal00020 mcal01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mcal00010 mcal00020 mcal00620 mcal00785 mcal01200 mcal01210 mcal01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mcal00020 mcal01200 mcal01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mcal00020 mcal01200 mcal01210 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mcal00020 mcal01200 mcal01210 mcal01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mcal00030 mcal01200 mcal01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mcal00030 mcal01200 mcal01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mcal00030 mcal01200 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mcal00030 mcal00230 mcal01200 mcal01230 mcal01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:mcal00040 mcal01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:mcal00040 mcal00053 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mcal00500 mcal01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mcal00500 mcal01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mcal00280 mcal00630 mcal00640 mcal01200 mcal01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:mcal00562 mcal01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:mcal00562 mcal01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:mcal00562 mcal01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mcal00190 mcal01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mcal00061 mcal01212 mcal01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mcal00061 mcal01212 mcal01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:mcal00061 mcal01212 mcal01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:mcal00062 mcal01212 mcal01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:mcal00062 mcal01040 mcal01212 mcal01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mcal00061 mcal00071 mcal01212 mcal01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mcal00071 mcal01212 mcal01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:mcal01040 mcal01212 mcal01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:mcal00100 mcal01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:mcal00100 mcal01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:mcal00120 mcal01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:mcal00120 mcal01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:mcal00140 mcal01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:mcal00140 mcal01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:mcal00140 mcal01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mcal00140 mcal01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mcal00140 mcal01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:mcal00561 mcal01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mcal00561 mcal01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:mcal00564 mcal01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mcal00564 mcal01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:mcal00564 mcal01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mcal00600 mcal01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mcal00600 mcal01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:mcal00600 mcal00565 mcal01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:mcal00600 mcal01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:mcal00600 mcal01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mcal00230 mcal01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mcal00230 mcal01232 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mcal00230 mcal01232 mcal01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mcal00230 mcal00240 mcal01232 mcal01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mcal00230 mcal01232 mcal01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mcal00230 mcal01232 mcal01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mcal00240 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mcal00240 mcal01232 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mcal00240 mcal01232 mcal01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mcal00240 mcal00410 mcal00770 mcal01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mcal00260 mcal01200 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mcal00260 mcal00630 mcal00670 mcal00785 mcal01200 mcal01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mcal00260 mcal00670 mcal01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:mcal00260 mcal00670 mcal01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mcal00260 mcal00270 mcal00670 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:mcal00270 mcal01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mcal00270 mcal00670 mcal01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mcal00280 mcal01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:mcal00310 mcal01210 mcal01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mcal00220 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:mcal00220 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mcal00330 mcal01230 mcal01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mcal00330 mcal01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mcal00330 mcal01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:mcal00330 mcal00260 mcal01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mcal00330 mcal01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mcal00330 mcal01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mcal00340 mcal01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:mcal00350 mcal01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:mcal00350 mcal01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mcal00350 mcal01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:mcal00380 mcal01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:mcal00380 mcal01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mcal00250 mcal00650 mcal01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mcal00480 mcal01240 mcal01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mcal00520 mcal01250 mcal01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mcal00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:mcal00520 mcal01250 mcal01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:mcal00520]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:mcal00520]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:mcal00541 mcal01250]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:mcal00510 mcal01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:mcal00510 mcal00513 mcal01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:mcal00510 mcal01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:mcal00510 mcal01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:mcal00512 mcal01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:mcal00515 mcal01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:mcal00563 mcal01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:mcal00563 mcal01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:mcal00601 mcal01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:mcal00601 mcal01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:mcal00603 mcal01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:mcal00604 mcal01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:mcal00532 mcal00534 mcal01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:mcal00532 mcal01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:mcal00534 mcal01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:mcal00531 mcal01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:mcal00531 mcal01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:mcal00531 mcal01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:mcal00531 mcal01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mcal00380 mcal00760 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mcal00770 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:mcal00785 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:mcal00785 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:mcal00790 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mcal00790 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:mcal00670 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:mcal00860 mcal01240 mcal01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:mcal00130 mcal01240 mcal01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mcal00900 mcal01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:mcal00900 mcal01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity