KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mer00010 mer01200 mer01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mer00010 mer01200 mer01230 mer01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mer00010 mer00020 mer01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mer00010 mer00020 mer00620 mer00785 mer01200 mer01210 mer01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mer00020 mer01200 mer01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mer00020 mer01200 mer01210 mer01230 mer01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mer00020 mer01200 mer01210 mer01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mer00030 mer01200 mer01100 mer01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:mer00030 mer01200 mer01100 mer01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:mer00030 mer01200 mer01230 mer01100 mer01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:mer00030 mer01200 mer01230 mer01100 mer01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:mer00030 mer00230 mer01200 mer01230 mer01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:mer00030 mer01200 mer01100 mer01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 Glucuronate degradation, glucuronate => pyruvate + glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:mer00040 mer00030 mer01100]
M00552 Galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:mer00052 mer01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mer00500 mer01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:mer00630 mer01200 mer01100 mer01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mer00280 mer00630 mer00640 mer01200 mer01100]
M00968 Pentose bisphosphate pathway (nucleoside degradation), archaea, nucleoside/NMP => 3-PGA/glycerone phosphate [PATH:mer00030 mer00230 mer00240 mer00630 mer01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:mer00620 mer00710 mer01200 mer01100 mer01120]

Methane metabolism
M00356 Methanogenesis, methanol => methane [PATH:mer00680 mer01200 mer01100 mer01120]
M00563 Methanogenesis, methylamine/dimethylamine/trimethylamine => methane [PATH:mer00680 mer01200 mer01100 mer01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:mer00910 mer01100 mer01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mer00910 mer01100 mer01120]

Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]
M00159 V/A-type ATPase, prokaryotes [PATH:mer00190 mer01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mer01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mer01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mer00071 mer01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mer00564 mer01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:mer00564 mer01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mer00230 mer01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mer00230 mer01232 mer01240 mer01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mer00230 mer01232 mer01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mer00230 mer01232 mer01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mer00230 mer01232 mer01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mer00240 mer01240 mer01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mer00240 mer01232 mer01240 mer01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mer00240 mer00410 mer00770 mer01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mer00260 mer00680 mer01200 mer01230 mer01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mer00260 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mer00260 mer00630 mer00670 mer00785 mer01200 mer01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mer00260 mer00670 mer01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:mer00260 mer01100]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:mer00260 mer01100 mer01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mer00270 mer00920 mer01320 mer01200 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mer00260 mer00270 mer00670 mer01230 mer01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mer00290 mer00770 mer01210 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mer00290 mer01230 mer01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:mer00290 mer01210 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mer00300 mer01230 mer01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mer00300 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mer00220 mer01210 mer01230 mer01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mer00220 mer01230 mer01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mer00330 mer01230 mer01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mer00330 mer01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mer00330 mer01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mer00330 mer01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:mer00340 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mer00340 mer01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:mer00400 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:mer00400 mer01230 mer01100 mer01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mer01240 mer01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mer00520 mer01250 mer01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:mer00520 mer01250 mer01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:mer00520 mer01250 mer01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:mer00520 mer00052 mer01250 mer01100]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:mer00520 mer01250 mer01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:mer00520 mer01250 mer01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:mer00520 mer00051 mer01250 mer01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:mer00541 mer01250 mer01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:mer00521 mer00523 mer00541 mer01250 mer01100 mer01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:mer00541 mer00051 mer01250 mer01100]
M01018 GDP-D-Rha biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-D-Rha [PATH:mer00541 mer00051 mer01250 mer01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:mer00730 mer01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mer00750 mer01240 mer01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mer00760 mer01240 mer01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:mer00770 mer01240 mer01100 mer01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mer00770 mer01240 mer01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mer01240 mer01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:mer00785 mer01240 mer01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mer00790 mer01240 mer01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:mer00790 mer01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:mer00670 mer01240 mer01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:mer00860 mer01240 mer01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00849 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, archaea [PATH:mer00900 mer01100 mer01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:mer00900 mer01100 mer01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:mer00900 mer01100 mer01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
M00664 Nodulation

Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00617 Methanogen
M00615 Nitrate assimilation