KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:nto00010 nto01200 nto01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:nto00010 nto01200 nto01230 nto01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:nto00010 nto00020 nto01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:nto00010 nto00020 nto00620 nto00785 nto01200 nto01210 nto01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:nto00020 nto01200 nto01210 nto01230 nto01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:nto00030 nto01200 nto01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:nto00030 nto01200 nto01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:nto00030 nto01200 nto01230 nto01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:nto00030 nto00230 nto01200 nto01230 nto01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:nto00040 nto01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:nto00051 nto00053 nto01240 nto01100 nto01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:nto00500 nto01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:nto00630 nto01200 nto01100 nto01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:nto00630 nto01200 nto01100 nto01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:nto00562 nto01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:nto00710 nto01200 nto01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:nto00620 nto00710 nto01200 nto01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:nto00620 nto00710 nto01200 nto01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:nto00620 nto00710 nto01200 nto01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:nto00710 nto01200 nto01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:nto00710 nto01200 nto01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:nto00910 nto01310 nto01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:nto00920 nto01320 nto01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:nto00195 nto01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:nto00195 nto01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:nto00190 nto01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:nto00190 nto01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:nto00190 nto00195 nto01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:nto00061 nto01212 nto01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:nto00061 nto01212 nto01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:nto00062 nto01040 nto01212 nto01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:nto00061 nto00071 nto01212 nto01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:nto00071 nto01212 nto01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:nto00100 nto01100 nto01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:nto00561 nto01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:nto00561 nto01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:nto00564 nto01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:nto00600 nto01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:nto00600 nto01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:nto00600 nto01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:nto00592 nto01100 nto01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:nto00230 nto01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:nto00230 nto01232 nto01240 nto01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:nto00230 nto01232 nto01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:nto00230 nto00240 nto01232 nto01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:nto00240 nto01232 nto01240 nto01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:nto00240 nto01232 nto01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:nto00240 nto00410 nto00770 nto01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:nto00260 nto01200 nto01230 nto01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:nto00260 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:nto00260 nto00630 nto00670 nto00785 nto01200 nto01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:nto00260 nto00670 nto01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:nto00270 nto00920 nto01320 nto01200 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:nto00270 nto01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:nto00270 nto01100 nto01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:nto00290 nto00770 nto01210 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:nto00290 nto01230 nto01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:nto00290 nto01210 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:nto00280 nto01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:nto00300 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:nto00220 nto01210 nto01230 nto01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:nto00220 nto01230 nto01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:nto00330 nto01230 nto01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:nto00330 nto01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:nto00330 nto01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:nto00330 nto01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:nto00340 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:nto00400 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:nto00400 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:nto00400 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:nto00400 nto01230 nto01100 nto01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:nto00350 nto01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:nto00380 nto01100 nto01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:nto00250 nto00650 nto01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:nto00480 nto01240 nto01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:nto00520 nto01250 nto01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:nto00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:nto00520 nto01250 nto01100]
M00998 UDP-L-Ara biosynthesis, L-Ala => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:nto00520]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:nto00520]
M00994 UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:nto00562 nto00520 nto00053 nto00040]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:nto00520 nto00053]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:nto00520]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:nto00520]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:nto00510 nto01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:nto00510 nto00513 nto01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:nto00510 nto01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:nto00730 nto01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:nto00740 nto01240 nto01100 nto01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:nto00750 nto01240 nto01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:nto00760 nto01240 nto01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:nto00770 nto01240 nto01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:nto00780 nto01240 nto01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:nto00785 nto01240 nto01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:nto00785 nto01240 nto01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:nto00790 nto01240 nto01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:nto00860 nto01240 nto01100 nto01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:nto00130 nto01240 nto01100 nto01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:nto00130 nto01240 nto01100 nto01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:nto00130 nto01240 nto01100 nto01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:nto00900 nto01100 nto01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:nto00900 nto01100 nto01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:nto00900 nto01100 nto01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:nto00906 nto01100 nto01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:nto00906 nto01100 nto01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:nto00905 nto01100 nto01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:nto00904 nto01100 nto01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:nto00904 nto01100 nto01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:nto00940 nto01100 nto01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:nto00940 nto00941 nto01100 nto01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:nto00941 nto01100 nto01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation