KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:paer00010 paer01200 paer01230 paer01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:paer00010 paer00020 paer01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:paer00010 paer00020 paer00620 paer00785 paer01200 paer01210 paer01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:paer00020 paer01200 paer01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:paer00020 paer01200 paer01210 paer01230 paer01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:paer00020 paer01200 paer01210 paer01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:paer00030 paer01200 paer01230 paer01100 paer01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:paer00030 paer00230 paer01200 paer01230 paer01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:paer00030 paer01200 paer01100 paer01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:paer00640 paer00020 paer01200 paer01100 paer01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:paer00430 paer00620 paer00720 paer01200 paer01100 paer01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:paer00910 paer01310 paer01100 paer01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:paer00910 paer01310 paer01100 paer01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:paer00920 paer01320 paer01100 paer01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:paer00190 paer01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:paer00190 paer01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:paer00190 paer01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:paer00190 paer01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:paer00190 paer01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:paer00190 paer01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:paer00061 paer01212 paer01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:paer00061 paer01212 paer01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:paer00061 paer00071 paer01212 paer01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:paer00071 paer01212 paer01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:paer00564 paer01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:paer00230 paer01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:paer00230 paer01232 paer01240 paer01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:paer00230 paer01232 paer01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:paer00230 paer00240 paer01232 paer01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:paer00230 paer01232 paer01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:paer00230 paer01232 paer01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:paer00240 paer01232 paer01240 paer01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:paer00240 paer01232 paer01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:paer00240 paer00410 paer00770 paer01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:paer00260 paer00680 paer01200 paer01230 paer01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:paer00260 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:paer00260 paer00630 paer00670 paer00785 paer01200 paer01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:paer00260 paer00670 paer01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:paer00260 paer01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:paer00270 paer00920 paer01320 paer01200 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:paer00260 paer00270 paer00670 paer01230 paer01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:paer00270 paer01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:paer00270 paer00670 paer01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:paer00290 paer00770 paer01210 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:paer00290 paer01230 paer01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:paer00290 paer01210 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:paer00300 paer01230 paer01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:paer00220 paer01210 paer01230 paer01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:paer00220 paer01230 paer01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:paer00330 paer01230 paer01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:paer00330 paer01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:paer00330 paer01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:paer00330 paer01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:paer00340 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:paer00340 paer01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:paer00400 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:paer00400 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:paer00400 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:paer00400 paer01230 paer01100 paer01110]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:paer00350 paer01220 paer01100 paer01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:paer00480 paer01240 paer01100]
M00947 D-Arginine racemization, D-arginine => L-arginine [PATH:paer00470 paer01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:paer00470 paer01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:paer00520 paer01250 paer01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:paer00520 paer01250]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:paer00520 paer01250]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:paer00520 paer01250]
M01036 UDP-GalNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-GalNAcA [PATH:paer00541]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:paer00541 paer01250 paer01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:paer00541 paer01250 paer01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:paer00541 paer01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:paer00521 paer00523 paer00541 paer01250 paer01100 paer01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:paer00740 paer01240 paer01100 paer01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:paer00750 paer01240 paer01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:paer00760 paer01240 paer01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:paer00770 paer01240 paer01100 paer01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:paer00770 paer01240 paer01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:paer00780 paer01240 paer01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:paer00780 paer01240 paer01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:paer00785 paer01240 paer01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:paer00790 paer00670 paer01240 paer01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:paer00790 paer01240 paer01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:paer00790 paer01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:paer00860 paer01240 paer01100 paer01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:paer00860 paer01240 paer01100 paer01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:paer00860 paer01240 paer01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:paer00130 paer01240 paer01100 paer01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:paer00130 paer01240 paer01100 paer01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00835 Pyocyanine biosynthesis, chorismate => pyocyanine [PATH:paer00405 paer01100 paer01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:paer00362 paer00622 paer01220 paer01100 paer01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:paer00627 paer01100 paer01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:paer00362 paer01220 paer01100 paer01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00718 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexAB-OprM
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation