KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pcad00010 pcad01200 pcad01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pcad00010 pcad01200 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pcad00010 pcad00020 pcad01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pcad00010 pcad00020 pcad00620 pcad00785 pcad01200 pcad01210 pcad01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pcad00020 pcad01200 pcad01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pcad00020 pcad01200 pcad01210 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pcad00020 pcad01200 pcad01210 pcad01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pcad00030 pcad01200 pcad01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pcad00030 pcad01200 pcad01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pcad00030 pcad01200 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pcad00030 pcad00230 pcad01200 pcad01230 pcad01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pcad00040 pcad01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pcad00052 pcad01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:pcad00040 pcad00053 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pcad00500 pcad01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pcad00500 pcad01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pcad00520 pcad01250 pcad01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pcad00520 pcad00052 pcad01250 pcad01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pcad00520 pcad01250 pcad01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pcad00280 pcad00630 pcad00640 pcad01200 pcad01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pcad00562 pcad01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pcad00562 pcad01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pcad00562 pcad01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:pcad00190 pcad01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pcad00190 pcad01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pcad00190 pcad01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pcad00190 pcad01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:pcad00190 pcad01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pcad00190 pcad01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pcad00061 pcad01212 pcad01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pcad00061 pcad01212 pcad01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:pcad00061 pcad01212 pcad01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pcad00062 pcad01212 pcad01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pcad00062 pcad01040 pcad01212 pcad01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pcad00061 pcad00071 pcad01212 pcad01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pcad00071 pcad01212 pcad01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pcad01040 pcad01212 pcad01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pcad00100 pcad01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:pcad00120 pcad01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:pcad00120 pcad01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pcad00140 pcad01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pcad00140 pcad01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pcad00140 pcad01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pcad00140 pcad01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pcad00140 pcad01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pcad00561 pcad01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pcad00561 pcad01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pcad00564 pcad01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pcad00564 pcad01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pcad00564 pcad01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pcad00600 pcad01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pcad00600 pcad01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pcad00600 pcad00565 pcad01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pcad00600 pcad01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pcad00600 pcad01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pcad00230 pcad01232 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pcad00230 pcad01232 pcad01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pcad00230 pcad00240 pcad01232 pcad01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pcad00230 pcad01232 pcad01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pcad00230 pcad01232 pcad01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pcad00240 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pcad00240 pcad01232 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pcad00240 pcad01232 pcad01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pcad00240 pcad00410 pcad00770 pcad01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pcad00260 pcad01200 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pcad00260 pcad00630 pcad00785 pcad01200 pcad01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pcad00260 pcad01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pcad00260 pcad01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pcad00260 pcad00270 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pcad00270 pcad01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pcad00270 pcad01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pcad00280 pcad01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pcad00310 pcad01210 pcad01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pcad00220 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pcad00220 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pcad00330 pcad01230 pcad01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pcad00330 pcad01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pcad00330 pcad01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:pcad00330 pcad00260 pcad01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pcad00330 pcad01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pcad00330 pcad01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pcad00340 pcad01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pcad00350 pcad01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pcad00350 pcad01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pcad00350 pcad01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pcad00380 pcad01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pcad00380 pcad01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pcad00250 pcad00650 pcad01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pcad00480 pcad01240 pcad01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:pcad00510 pcad01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pcad00510 pcad01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pcad00510 pcad01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:pcad00512 pcad01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pcad00515 pcad01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pcad00601 pcad01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pcad00601 pcad01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:pcad00603 pcad01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pcad00604 pcad01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pcad00532 pcad00534 pcad01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pcad00532 pcad01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pcad00534 pcad01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pcad00531 pcad01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pcad00531 pcad01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pcad00531 pcad01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pcad00531 pcad01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pcad00380 pcad00760 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pcad00770 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pcad00785 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pcad00790 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pcad00790 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pcad00670 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pcad00860 pcad01240 pcad01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:pcad00130 pcad01240 pcad01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pcad00900 pcad01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pcad00900 pcad01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity