KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pcoc00010 pcoc01200 pcoc01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pcoc00010 pcoc01200 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pcoc00010 pcoc00020 pcoc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pcoc00010 pcoc00020 pcoc00620 pcoc00785 pcoc01200 pcoc01210 pcoc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pcoc00020 pcoc01200 pcoc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pcoc00020 pcoc01200 pcoc01210 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pcoc00020 pcoc01200 pcoc01210 pcoc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pcoc00030 pcoc01200 pcoc01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pcoc00030 pcoc01200 pcoc01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pcoc00030 pcoc01200 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pcoc00030 pcoc00230 pcoc01200 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pcoc00040 pcoc01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pcoc00052 pcoc01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:pcoc00040 pcoc00053 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pcoc00500 pcoc01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pcoc00500 pcoc01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pcoc00280 pcoc00630 pcoc00640 pcoc01200 pcoc01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pcoc00562 pcoc01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pcoc00562 pcoc01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pcoc00562 pcoc01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:pcoc00190 pcoc01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pcoc00190 pcoc01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pcoc00190 pcoc01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pcoc00190 pcoc01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pcoc00061 pcoc01212 pcoc01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pcoc00061 pcoc01212 pcoc01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pcoc00062 pcoc01212 pcoc01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pcoc00062 pcoc01040 pcoc01212 pcoc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pcoc00061 pcoc00071 pcoc01212 pcoc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pcoc00071 pcoc01212 pcoc01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pcoc01040 pcoc01212 pcoc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:pcoc00100 pcoc01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:pcoc00120 pcoc01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pcoc00140 pcoc01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pcoc00140 pcoc01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pcoc00140 pcoc01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pcoc00561 pcoc01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pcoc00561 pcoc01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pcoc00564 pcoc01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pcoc00564 pcoc01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pcoc00564 pcoc01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pcoc00600 pcoc01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pcoc00600 pcoc01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pcoc00600 pcoc00565 pcoc01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pcoc00600 pcoc01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pcoc00600 pcoc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pcoc00230 pcoc01232 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pcoc00230 pcoc01232 pcoc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pcoc00230 pcoc00240 pcoc01232 pcoc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pcoc00230 pcoc01232 pcoc01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pcoc00230 pcoc01232 pcoc01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pcoc00240 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pcoc00240 pcoc01232 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pcoc00240 pcoc01232 pcoc01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pcoc00240 pcoc00410 pcoc00770 pcoc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pcoc00260 pcoc01200 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pcoc00260 pcoc00630 pcoc00670 pcoc00785 pcoc01200 pcoc01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pcoc00260 pcoc00670 pcoc01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pcoc00260 pcoc00670 pcoc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pcoc00260 pcoc00270 pcoc00670 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pcoc00270 pcoc00670 pcoc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pcoc00310 pcoc01210 pcoc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pcoc00220 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pcoc00220 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pcoc00330 pcoc01230 pcoc01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pcoc00330 pcoc01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pcoc00330 pcoc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pcoc00330 pcoc01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pcoc00330 pcoc01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pcoc00340 pcoc01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pcoc00350 pcoc01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pcoc00350 pcoc01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pcoc00350 pcoc01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pcoc00380 pcoc01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pcoc00380 pcoc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pcoc00250 pcoc00650 pcoc01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pcoc00480 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pcoc00520 pcoc01250 pcoc01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pcoc00520 pcoc01250 pcoc01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:pcoc00520 pcoc01250 pcoc01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:pcoc00520 pcoc00052 pcoc01250 pcoc01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:pcoc00520 pcoc01250 pcoc01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:pcoc00520 pcoc01250 pcoc01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:pcoc00541 pcoc01250 pcoc01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:pcoc00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:pcoc00510 pcoc01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:pcoc00510 pcoc00513 pcoc01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pcoc00510 pcoc01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pcoc00515 pcoc01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:pcoc00563 pcoc01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:pcoc00563 pcoc01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pcoc00601 pcoc01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pcoc00601 pcoc01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:pcoc00603 pcoc01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pcoc00604 pcoc01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pcoc00532 pcoc01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pcoc00534 pcoc01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pcoc00531 pcoc01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pcoc00531 pcoc01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pcoc00531 pcoc01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pcoc00531 pcoc01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pcoc00770 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pcoc00785 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pcoc00785 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pcoc00790 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pcoc00790 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pcoc00670 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pcoc00860 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:pcoc00130 pcoc01240 pcoc01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pcoc00900 pcoc01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pcoc00900 pcoc01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity