KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:prh00010 prh01200 prh01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:prh00010 prh01200 prh01230 prh01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:prh00010 prh00020 prh01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:prh00010 prh00020 prh00620 prh00785 prh01200 prh01210 prh01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:prh00020 prh01200 prh01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:prh00020 prh01200 prh01210 prh01230 prh01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:prh00020 prh01200 prh01210 prh01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:prh00030 prh01200 prh01100 prh01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:prh00030 prh01200 prh01100 prh01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:prh00030 prh01200 prh01230 prh01100 prh01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:prh00030 prh00230 prh01200 prh01230 prh01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:prh00030 prh01200 prh01100 prh01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:prh00052 prh01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:prh00052 prh01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:prh00640 prh00020 prh01200 prh01100 prh01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:prh00620 prh00710 prh01200 prh01100 prh01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:prh00430 prh00620 prh00720 prh01200 prh01100 prh01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:prh00910 prh01100 prh01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:prh00910 prh01100 prh01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:prh00910 prh01100 prh01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:prh00920 prh01320 prh01100 prh01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:prh00190 prh01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:prh00190 prh01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:prh00190 prh01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:prh00190 prh01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:prh00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:prh00190 prh01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:prh00190 prh01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:prh00190 prh01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:prh00061 prh01212 prh01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:prh00061 prh01212 prh01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:prh00061 prh00071 prh01212 prh01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:prh00071 prh01212 prh01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:prh00564 prh01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:prh00230 prh01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:prh00230 prh01232 prh01240 prh01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:prh00230 prh01232 prh01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:prh00230 prh00240 prh01232 prh01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:prh00230 prh01232 prh01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:prh00230 prh01232 prh01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:prh00230 prh01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:prh00240 prh01232 prh01240 prh01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:prh00240 prh01232 prh01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:prh00240 prh00410 prh00770 prh01100]
M00939 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => 3-hydroxypropanoate [PATH:prh00240 prh01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:prh00260 prh00680 prh01200 prh01230 prh01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:prh00260 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:prh00260 prh00630 prh00670 prh00785 prh01200 prh01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:prh00260 prh00670 prh01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:prh00260 prh01100]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:prh00260 prh01100 prh01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:prh00270 prh00920 prh01320 prh01200 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:prh00270 prh01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:prh00290 prh00770 prh01210 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:prh00290 prh01230 prh01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:prh00290 prh01210 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:prh00280 prh01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:prh00300 prh01230 prh01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:prh00300 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH:prh00310 prh01100 prh01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:prh00220 prh01210 prh01230 prh01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:prh00220 prh01230 prh01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:prh00330 prh01230 prh01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:prh00330 prh01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:prh00330 prh01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:prh00330 prh01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:prh00340 prh01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:prh00400 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:prh00400 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:prh00400 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:prh00400 prh01230 prh01100 prh01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:prh00350 prh01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:prh00350 prh01220 prh01100 prh01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:prh00480 prh01240 prh01100]
M00947 D-Arginine racemization, D-arginine => L-arginine [PATH:prh00470 prh01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:prh00470 prh01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:prh00520 prh01250 prh01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:prh00520 prh01250 prh01100 prh01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:prh00520 prh01250 prh01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:prh00520 prh01250 prh01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:prh00520 prh00052 prh01250 prh01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:prh00520 prh00053 prh01250 prh01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:prh00520 prh00052 prh01250 prh01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:prh00520 prh01250 prh01100]
M01036 UDP-GalNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-GalNAcA [PATH:prh00541]
M01009 UDP-QuiNAc biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-QuiNAc [PATH:prh00541]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:prh00541 prh01250 prh01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:prh00521 prh00523 prh00541 prh01250 prh01100 prh01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:prh00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:prh00740 prh01240 prh01100 prh01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:prh00750 prh01240 prh01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:prh00760 prh01240 prh01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:prh00770 prh01240 prh01100 prh01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:prh00770 prh01240 prh01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:prh00780 prh01240 prh01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:prh00780 prh01240 prh01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:prh00785 prh01240 prh01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:prh00790 prh00670 prh01240 prh01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:prh00790 prh01240 prh01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:prh00790 prh01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:prh00860 prh01240 prh01100 prh01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:prh00860 prh01240 prh01100 prh01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:prh00860 prh01240 prh01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:prh00130 prh01240 prh01100 prh01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:prh00130 prh01240 prh01100 prh01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:prh00900 prh01100 prh01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:prh00900 prh01100 prh01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:prh01501]
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation