KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:psw00010 psw01200 psw01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:psw00010 psw01200 psw01230 psw01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:psw00010 psw00020 psw01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:psw00010 psw00020 psw00620 psw00785 psw01200 psw01210 psw01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:psw00020 psw01200 psw01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:psw00020 psw01200 psw01210 psw01230 psw01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:psw00020 psw01200 psw01210 psw01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:psw00030 psw01200 psw01100 psw01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:psw00030 psw01200 psw01100 psw01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:psw00030 psw01200 psw01230 psw01100 psw01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:psw00030 psw00230 psw01200 psw01230 psw01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:psw00030 psw01200 psw01100 psw01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:psw00040 psw01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:psw00052 psw01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:psw00500 psw01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:psw00630 psw01200 psw01100 psw01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:psw00280 psw00630 psw00640 psw01200 psw01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:psw00640 psw00020 psw01200 psw01100 psw01120]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:psw00562 psw01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:psw00562 psw01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:psw00562 psw01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:psw00620 psw00710 psw01200 psw01100 psw01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:psw00430 psw00620 psw00720 psw01200 psw01100 psw01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:psw00030 psw00680 psw01200 psw01230 psw01100 psw01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:psw00910 psw01100 psw01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:psw00920 psw01320 psw01100 psw01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:psw00190 psw01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:psw00061 psw01212 psw01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:psw00061 psw01212 psw01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:psw00061 psw01212 psw01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:psw01212 psw01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:psw01040 psw01212 psw01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:psw00061 psw00071 psw01212 psw01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:psw00071 psw01212 psw01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:psw01040 psw01212 psw01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:psw01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:psw01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:psw01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:psw01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:psw01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:psw01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:psw00561 psw01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:psw00561 psw01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:psw00564 psw01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:psw00564 psw01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:psw00564 psw01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:psw00564 psw01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:psw01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:psw01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:psw01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:psw01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:psw01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:psw00230 psw01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:psw00230 psw01232 psw01240 psw01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:psw00230 psw01232 psw01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:psw00230 psw00240 psw01232 psw01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:psw00230 psw01232 psw01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:psw00230 psw01232 psw01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:psw00240 psw01240 psw01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:psw00240 psw01232 psw01240 psw01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:psw00240 psw01232 psw01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:psw00240 psw00410 psw00770 psw01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:psw00260 psw00680 psw01200 psw01230 psw01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:psw00260 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:psw00260 psw00630 psw00670 psw00785 psw01200 psw01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:psw00260 psw00670 psw01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:psw00260 psw00670 psw01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:psw00260 psw01100]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:psw00260 psw01100 psw01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:psw00270 psw00920 psw01320 psw01200 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:psw00260 psw00270 psw00670 psw01230 psw01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:psw00270 psw01230 psw01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:psw00270 psw01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:psw00270 psw00670 psw01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:psw00290 psw00770 psw01210 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:psw00290 psw01230 psw01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:psw00290 psw01210 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:psw00280 psw01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:psw00300 psw01230 psw01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:psw00300 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:psw00310 psw01210 psw01100]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH:psw00310 psw01100 psw01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:psw00220 psw01210 psw01230 psw01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:psw00220 psw01230 psw01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:psw00220 psw01230 psw01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:psw00330 psw01230 psw01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:psw00330 psw01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:psw00330 psw01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:psw00330 psw00260 psw01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:psw00330 psw01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:psw00330 psw01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:psw00330 psw01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:psw00330 psw01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:psw00340 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:psw00340 psw01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:psw00400 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:psw00400 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:psw00400 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:psw00400 psw01230 psw01100 psw01110]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:psw00350 psw01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:psw00350 psw01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:psw00350 psw01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:psw00350 psw01220 psw01100 psw01120]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:psw00380 psw01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:psw00380 psw01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:psw00250 psw00650 psw01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:psw00480 psw01240 psw01100]
M00947 D-Arginine racemization, D-arginine => L-arginine [PATH:psw00470 psw01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:psw00470 psw01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100 psw01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:psw00520 psw00053 psw01250 psw01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:psw00520 psw00052 psw01250 psw01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:psw00520 psw01250 psw01100]
M01009 UDP-QuiNAc biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-QuiNAc [PATH:psw00541]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:psw00541 psw01250 psw01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:psw00541 psw01250 psw01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:psw00541 psw01250 psw01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:psw00541 psw01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:psw00521 psw00523 psw00541 psw01250 psw01100 psw01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:psw00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:psw01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:psw01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:psw01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:psw01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:psw01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:psw01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:psw01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:psw01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:psw01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:psw01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:psw01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:psw01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:psw01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:psw01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:psw01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:psw01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:psw01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:psw00740 psw01240 psw01100 psw01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:psw00750 psw01240 psw01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:psw00750 psw01240 psw01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:psw00760 psw01240 psw01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:psw00380 psw00760 psw01240 psw01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:psw00770 psw01240 psw01100 psw01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:psw00770 psw01240 psw01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:psw00780 psw01240 psw01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:psw00780 psw01240 psw01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:psw00785 psw01240 psw01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:psw00790 psw01240 psw01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:psw00790 psw01240 psw01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:psw00790 psw01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:psw00670 psw01240 psw01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:psw00860 psw01240 psw01100 psw01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:psw00860 psw01240 psw01100 psw01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:psw00860 psw01240 psw01100 psw01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:psw00860 psw01240 psw01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:psw00860 psw01240 psw01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:psw00130 psw01240 psw01100 psw01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:psw00130 psw01240 psw01100 psw01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:psw00130 psw01240 psw01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:psw00900 psw01100 psw01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:psw00900 psw01100 psw01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:psw00900 psw01100 psw01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:psw00900 psw01100 psw01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:psw00362 psw01220 psw01100 psw01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:psw00362 psw01220 psw01100 psw01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00718 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexAB-OprM
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation