KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:rte00010 rte01200 rte01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:rte00010 rte01200 rte01230 rte01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:rte00010 rte00020 rte01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:rte00010 rte00020 rte00620 rte00785 rte01200 rte01210 rte01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:rte00020 rte01200 rte01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:rte00020 rte01200 rte01210 rte01230 rte01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:rte00020 rte01200 rte01210 rte01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:rte00030 rte01200 rte01100 rte01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:rte00030 rte01200 rte01100 rte01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:rte00030 rte01200 rte01230 rte01100 rte01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:rte00030 rte00230 rte01200 rte01230 rte01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:rte00040 rte01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:rte00052 rte01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:rte00040 rte00053 rte01240 rte01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:rte00500 rte01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:rte00500 rte01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:rte00280 rte00630 rte00640 rte01200 rte01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:rte00640 rte00020 rte01200 rte01100 rte01120]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:rte00562 rte01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:rte00562 rte01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:rte00562 rte01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:rte00620 rte00710 rte01200 rte01100 rte01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:rte00430 rte00620 rte00720 rte01200 rte01100 rte01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:rte00030 rte00680 rte01200 rte01230 rte01100 rte01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:rte00910 rte01100 rte01120]

Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:rte00190 rte01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:rte00190 rte01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:rte00190 rte01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:rte00190 rte01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:rte00190 rte01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:rte00190 rte01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:rte00190 rte01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:rte00061 rte01212 rte01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:rte00061 rte01212 rte01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:rte00061 rte01212 rte01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:rte01212 rte01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:rte01040 rte01212 rte01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:rte00061 rte00071 rte01212 rte01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:rte00071 rte01212 rte01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:rte01040 rte01212 rte01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:rte01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:rte01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:rte01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:rte01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:rte01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:rte01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:rte01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:rte01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:rte00561 rte01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:rte00561 rte01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:rte00564 rte01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:rte00564 rte01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:rte00564 rte01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:rte00600 rte01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:rte00600 rte01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:rte00600 rte01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:rte00600 rte01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:rte00600 rte01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:rte00230 rte01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:rte00230 rte01232 rte01240 rte01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:rte00230 rte01232 rte01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:rte00230 rte00240 rte01232 rte01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:rte00230 rte01232 rte01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:rte00230 rte01232 rte01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:rte00230 rte01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:rte00240 rte01232 rte01240 rte01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:rte00240 rte01232 rte01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:rte00240 rte00410 rte00770 rte01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:rte00260 rte00680 rte01200 rte01230 rte01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:rte00260 rte01230 rte01100 rte01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:rte00260 rte00630 rte00670 rte00785 rte01200 rte01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:rte00260 rte00670 rte01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:rte00260 rte00670 rte01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:rte00270 rte00920 rte01200 rte01230 rte01100 rte01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:rte00260 rte00270 rte00670 rte01230 rte01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:rte00270 rte01230 rte01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:rte00270 rte00670 rte01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:rte00290 rte00770 rte01210 rte01230 rte01100 rte01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:rte00290 rte01230 rte01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:rte00290 rte01210 rte01230 rte01100 rte01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:rte00280 rte01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:rte00300 rte01230 rte01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:rte00310 rte01210 rte01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:rte00220 rte01210 rte01230 rte01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:rte00220 rte01230 rte01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:rte00220 rte01230 rte01100]
M00978 Ornithine-ammonia cycle [PATH:rte00220 rte01100 rte01110]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:rte00330 rte01230 rte01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:rte00330 rte01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:rte00330 rte01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:rte00330 rte00260 rte01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:rte00330 rte01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:rte00330 rte01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:rte00340 rte01230 rte01100 rte01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:rte00340 rte01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:rte00350 rte01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:rte00350 rte01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:rte00350 rte01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:rte00380 rte01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:rte00380 rte01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:rte00250 rte00650 rte01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:rte00480 rte01240 rte01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:rte00520 rte01250 rte01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:rte00520 rte01250 rte01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:rte00520 rte01250 rte01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:rte00520 rte01250 rte01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:rte00520 rte01250 rte01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:rte00520 rte00052 rte01250 rte01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:rte00520 rte00052 rte01250 rte01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:rte00520 rte00051 rte01250 rte01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:rte00520 rte00051 rte01250 rte01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:rte00520 rte01250 rte01100]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:rte00541 rte01250 rte01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:rte00521 rte00523 rte00541 rte01250 rte01100 rte01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:rte00541 rte00051 rte01250 rte01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:rte01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:rte01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:rte01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:rte01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:rte00515 rte01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:rte01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:rte01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:rte01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:rte01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:rte01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:rte01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:rte01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:rte01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:rte01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:rte01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:rte01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:rte01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:rte00730 rte01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:rte00750 rte01240 rte01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:rte00760 rte01240 rte01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:rte00380 rte00760 rte01240 rte01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:rte00770 rte01240 rte01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:rte00785 rte01240 rte01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:rte00785 rte01240 rte01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:rte00785 rte01240 rte01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:rte00790 rte01240 rte01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:rte00790 rte01240 rte01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:rte00670 rte01240 rte01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:rte00670 rte01240 rte01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:rte00860 rte01240 rte01100 rte01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:rte00130 rte01240 rte01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:rte00900 rte01100 rte01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:rte00900 rte01100 rte01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:rte00900 rte01100 rte01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:rte00900 rte01100 rte01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity