KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:seeb00010 seeb01200 seeb01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:seeb00010 seeb01200 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:seeb00010 seeb00020 seeb01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:seeb00010 seeb00020 seeb00620 seeb00785 seeb01200 seeb01210 seeb01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:seeb00020 seeb01200 seeb01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:seeb00020 seeb01200 seeb01210 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:seeb00020 seeb01200 seeb01210 seeb01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:seeb00030 seeb01200 seeb01100 seeb01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:seeb00030 seeb01200 seeb01100 seeb01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:seeb00030 seeb01200 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:seeb00030 seeb00230 seeb01200 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:seeb00030 seeb01200 seeb01100 seeb01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:seeb00040 seeb00030 seeb01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:seeb00052 seeb01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:seeb00052 seeb01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:seeb00053 seeb01100 seeb01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:seeb00500 seeb01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:seeb00500 seeb01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:seeb00500 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:seeb00630 seeb01200 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:seeb00640 seeb00020 seeb01200 seeb01100 seeb01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:seeb00620 seeb00710 seeb01200 seeb01100 seeb01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:seeb00430 seeb00620 seeb00720 seeb01200 seeb01100 seeb01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:seeb00910 seeb01310 seeb01100 seeb01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:seeb00920 seeb01320 seeb01100 seeb01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:seeb00190 seeb01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:seeb00190 seeb01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:seeb00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:seeb00190 seeb01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:seeb00190 seeb01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:seeb00061 seeb01212 seeb01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:seeb00061 seeb01212 seeb01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:seeb00061 seeb00071 seeb01212 seeb01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:seeb00071 seeb01212 seeb01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:seeb00564 seeb01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:seeb00230 seeb01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:seeb00230 seeb01232 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:seeb00230 seeb01232 seeb01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:seeb00230 seeb00240 seeb01232 seeb01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:seeb00240 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:seeb00240 seeb01232 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:seeb00240 seeb01232 seeb01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:seeb00260 seeb00680 seeb01200 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:seeb00260 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:seeb00260 seeb00630 seeb00670 seeb00785 seeb01200 seeb01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:seeb00270 seeb00920 seeb01320 seeb01200 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:seeb00270 seeb01230 seeb01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:seeb00290 seeb00770 seeb01210 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:seeb00290 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:seeb00290 seeb01210 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:seeb00300 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00956 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => succinate [PATH:seeb00310 seeb01100 seeb01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:seeb00220 seeb01210 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:seeb00220 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:seeb00330 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:seeb00330 seeb01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:seeb00330 seeb01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:seeb00330 seeb01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:seeb00340 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:seeb00340 seeb01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:seeb00400 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:seeb00400 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:seeb00400 seeb01230 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:seeb00400 seeb01230 seeb01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:seeb00350 seeb01220 seeb01100 seeb01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:seeb00480 seeb01240 seeb01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:seeb00520 seeb01250 seeb01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:seeb00520 seeb01250]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:seeb00520 seeb01250 seeb01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:seeb00520 seeb00052 seeb01250 seeb01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:seeb00520 seeb01250]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:seeb00541 seeb01250 seeb01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:seeb00541]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:seeb00541 seeb01250 seeb01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:seeb00541 seeb01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:seeb00540 seeb01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:seeb00730 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:seeb00730 seeb01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:seeb00740 seeb01240 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:seeb00750 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:seeb00760 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:seeb00770 seeb01240 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:seeb00770 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:seeb00780 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:seeb00780 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:seeb00785 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:seeb00790 seeb00670 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:seeb00790 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:seeb00790 seeb01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:seeb00860 seeb01240 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:seeb00860 seeb01240 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:seeb00860 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:seeb00860 seeb01240 seeb01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:seeb00130 seeb01240 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:seeb00130 seeb01240 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:seeb00130 seeb01240 seeb01100 seeb01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:seeb00900 seeb01100 seeb01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:seeb00900 seeb01100 seeb01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00744 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, protease PgtE
M00696 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AcrEF-TolC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation