KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:seec00010 seec01200 seec01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:seec00010 seec01200 seec01230 seec01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:seec00010 seec00020 seec01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:seec00010 seec00020 seec00620 seec00785 seec01200 seec01210 seec01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:seec00020 seec01200 seec01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:seec00020 seec01200 seec01210 seec01230 seec01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:seec00020 seec01200 seec01210 seec01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:seec00030 seec01200 seec01100 seec01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:seec00030 seec01200 seec01100 seec01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:seec00030 seec01200 seec01230 seec01100 seec01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:seec00030 seec00230 seec01200 seec01230 seec01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:seec00030 seec01200 seec01100 seec01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:seec00040 seec00030 seec01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:seec00052 seec01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:seec00052 seec01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:seec00053 seec01100 seec01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:seec00500 seec01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:seec00500 seec01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:seec00500 seec01100 seec01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:seec00630 seec01200 seec01100 seec01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:seec00640 seec00020 seec01200 seec01100 seec01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:seec00620 seec00710 seec01200 seec01100 seec01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:seec00430 seec00620 seec00720 seec01200 seec01100 seec01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:seec00910 seec01310 seec01100 seec01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:seec00920 seec01320 seec01100 seec01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:seec00190 seec01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:seec00190 seec01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:seec00190 seec01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:seec00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:seec00190 seec01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:seec00190 seec01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:seec00061 seec01212 seec01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:seec00061 seec01212 seec01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:seec00061 seec00071 seec01212 seec01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:seec00071 seec01212 seec01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:seec00564 seec01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:seec00230 seec01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:seec00230 seec01232 seec01240 seec01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:seec00230 seec01232 seec01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:seec00230 seec00240 seec01232 seec01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:seec00240 seec01240 seec01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:seec00240 seec01232 seec01240 seec01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:seec00240 seec01232 seec01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:seec00260 seec00680 seec01200 seec01230 seec01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:seec00260 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:seec00260 seec00630 seec00670 seec00785 seec01200 seec01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:seec00270 seec00920 seec01320 seec01200 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:seec00270 seec01230 seec01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:seec00290 seec00770 seec01210 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:seec00290 seec01230 seec01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:seec00290 seec01210 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:seec00300 seec01230 seec01100]
M00956 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => succinate [PATH:seec00310 seec01100 seec01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:seec00220 seec01210 seec01230 seec01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:seec00220 seec01230 seec01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:seec00330 seec01230 seec01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:seec00330 seec01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:seec00330 seec01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:seec00330 seec01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:seec00340 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:seec00340 seec01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:seec00400 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:seec00400 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:seec00400 seec01230 seec01100 seec01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:seec00400 seec01230 seec01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:seec00350 seec01220 seec01100 seec01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:seec00480 seec01240 seec01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:seec00520 seec01250 seec01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:seec00520]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:seec00520 seec01250 seec01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:seec00520 seec00052 seec01250 seec01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:seec00520]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:seec00541 seec01250 seec01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:seec00541 seec01250 seec01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:seec00541 seec01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:seec00540 seec01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:seec00730 seec01240 seec01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:seec00730 seec01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:seec00740 seec01240 seec01100 seec01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:seec00750 seec01240 seec01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:seec00760 seec01240 seec01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:seec00770 seec01240 seec01100 seec01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:seec00770 seec01240 seec01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:seec00780 seec01240 seec01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:seec00780 seec01240 seec01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:seec00785 seec01240 seec01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:seec00790 seec00670 seec01240 seec01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:seec00790 seec01240 seec01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:seec00790 seec01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:seec00860 seec01240 seec01100 seec01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:seec00860 seec01240 seec01100 seec01110]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:seec00860 seec01240 seec01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:seec00860 seec01240 seec01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:seec00130 seec01240 seec01100 seec01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:seec00130 seec01240 seec01100 seec01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:seec00130 seec01240 seec01100 seec01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:seec00900 seec01100 seec01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:seec00900 seec01100 seec01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00744 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, protease PgtE
M00696 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AcrEF-TolC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation