KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sern00010 sern01200 sern01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sern00010 sern01200 sern01230 sern01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sern00010 sern00020 sern01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sern00010 sern00020 sern00620 sern00785 sern01200 sern01210 sern01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sern00020 sern01200 sern01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sern00020 sern01200 sern01210 sern01230 sern01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sern00020 sern01200 sern01210 sern01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sern00030 sern01200 sern01100 sern01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sern00030 sern01200 sern01100 sern01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sern00030 sern01200 sern01230 sern01100 sern01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sern00030 sern00230 sern01200 sern01230 sern01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:sern00030 sern01200 sern01100 sern01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sern00040 sern00030 sern01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sern00052 sern01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sern00500 sern01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sern00500 sern01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:sern00630 sern01200 sern01100 sern01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:sern00640 sern00020 sern01200 sern01100 sern01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:sern00620 sern00710 sern01200 sern01100 sern01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:sern00430 sern00620 sern00720 sern01200 sern01100 sern01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sern00910 sern01310 sern01100 sern01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:sern00920 sern01320 sern01100 sern01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sern00190 sern01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:sern00190 sern01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sern00190 sern01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sern00190 sern01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sern00190 sern01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:sern00190 sern01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sern00061 sern01212 sern01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sern00061 sern01212 sern01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sern00061 sern00071 sern01212 sern01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sern00071 sern01212 sern01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:sern00564 sern01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sern00230 sern01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sern00230 sern01232 sern01240 sern01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sern00230 sern01232 sern01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sern00230 sern00240 sern01232 sern01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:sern00240 sern01240 sern01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sern00240 sern01232 sern01240 sern01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sern00240 sern01232 sern01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sern00260 sern00680 sern01200 sern01230 sern01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:sern00260 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sern00260 sern00630 sern00670 sern00785 sern01200 sern01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sern00260 sern00670 sern01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sern00270 sern00920 sern01320 sern01200 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:sern00260 sern00270 sern00670 sern01230 sern01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:sern00270 sern01230 sern01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:sern00270 sern01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sern00290 sern00770 sern01210 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sern00290 sern01230 sern01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:sern00290 sern01210 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sern00300 sern01230 sern01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sern00220 sern01210 sern01230 sern01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sern00220 sern01230 sern01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sern00330 sern01230 sern01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sern00330 sern01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:sern00330 sern01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:sern00330 sern01100]
M00136 GABA biosynthesis, prokaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:sern00330 sern01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:sern00340 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sern00340 sern01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:sern00400 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:sern00400 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:sern00400 sern01230 sern01100 sern01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:sern00400 sern01230 sern01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sern00480 sern01240 sern01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sern00470 sern01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sern00520 sern01250 sern01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:sern00520 sern01250 sern01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:sern00520 sern01250 sern01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:sern00520 sern00053 sern01250 sern01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:sern00520 sern00052 sern01250 sern01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:sern00520 sern00051 sern01250 sern01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:sern00541 sern01250 sern01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:sern00541 sern01250 sern01100]
M00064 ADP-LDmanHep biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:sern00541 sern01250 sern01100]
M00761 Und-P-alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-L-Ara4FN => Und-P-alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:sern00541 sern01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:sern00521 sern00523 sern00541 sern01250 sern01100 sern01110]
M01025 dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc [PATH:sern00541 sern01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:sern00540 sern01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:sern00730 sern01240 sern01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:sern00730 sern01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:sern00740 sern01240 sern01100 sern01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sern00750 sern01240 sern01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sern00760 sern01240 sern01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:sern00760 sern01100 sern01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:sern00770 sern01240 sern01100 sern01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sern00770 sern01240 sern01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:sern00780 sern01240 sern01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:sern00785 sern01240 sern01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:sern00790 sern00670 sern01240 sern01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sern00790 sern01240 sern01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:sern00790 sern01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:sern00860 sern01240 sern01100 sern01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:sern00860 sern01240 sern01100 sern01110]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sern00130 sern01240 sern01100 sern01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sern00130 sern01240 sern01100 sern01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00878 Phenylacetate degradation, phenylaxetate => acetyl-CoA/succinyl-CoA [PATH:sern00360 sern01100 sern01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation