KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:slu00010 slu01200 slu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:slu00010 slu01200 slu01230 slu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:slu00010 slu00020 slu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:slu00010 slu00020 slu00620 slu00785 slu01200 slu01210 slu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:slu00020 slu01200 slu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:slu00020 slu01200 slu01210 slu01230 slu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:slu00020 slu01200 slu01210 slu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:slu00030 slu01200 slu01100 slu01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:slu00030 slu01200 slu01100 slu01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:slu00030 slu01200 slu01230 slu01100 slu01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:slu00030 slu00230 slu01200 slu01230 slu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:slu00040 slu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:slu00052 slu01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:slu00052 slu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:slu00500 slu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:slu00500 slu01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:slu00630 slu01200 slu01100 slu01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:slu00280 slu00630 slu00640 slu01200 slu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:slu00562 slu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:slu00562 slu01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:slu00562 slu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:slu00620 slu00710 slu01200 slu01100 slu01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:slu00430 slu00620 slu00720 slu01200 slu01100 slu01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:slu00910 slu01100 slu01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:slu00920 slu01100 slu01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:slu00190 slu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:slu00061 slu01212 slu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:slu00061 slu01212 slu01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:slu00061 slu01212 slu01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:slu01212 slu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:slu01212 slu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:slu00061 slu01212 slu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:slu01212 slu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:slu01212 slu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:slu01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:slu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:slu01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:slu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:slu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:slu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:slu00561 slu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:slu00561 slu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:slu00564 slu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:slu00564 slu01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:slu00564 slu01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:slu00564 slu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:slu00600 slu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:slu00600 slu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:slu00600 slu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:slu00600 slu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:slu00600 slu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:slu00230 slu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:slu00230 slu01232 slu01240 slu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:slu00230 slu01232 slu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:slu00230 slu00240 slu01232 slu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:slu00230 slu01232 slu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:slu00230 slu01232 slu01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:slu00230 slu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:slu00240 slu01240 slu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:slu00240 slu01232 slu01240 slu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:slu00240 slu01232 slu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:slu00240 slu00770 slu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:slu00260 slu00680 slu01200 slu01230 slu01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:slu00260 slu01230 slu01100 slu01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:slu00260 slu00630 slu00670 slu00785 slu01200 slu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:slu00260 slu00670 slu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:slu00260 slu00670 slu01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:slu00260 slu01210 slu01230 slu01100 slu01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:slu00270 slu00920 slu01200 slu01230 slu01100 slu01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:slu00260 slu00270 slu00670 slu01230 slu01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:slu00270 slu01230 slu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:slu00270 slu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:slu00270 slu00670 slu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:slu00290 slu00770 slu01210 slu01230 slu01100 slu01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:slu00290 slu01230 slu01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:slu00290 slu01210 slu01230 slu01100 slu01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:slu00280 slu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:slu00300 slu01230 slu01100]
M00030 Lysine biosynthesis, AAA pathway, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:slu00300 slu01230 slu01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH:slu00300 slu01210 slu01230 slu01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:slu00310 slu01210 slu01100]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH:slu00310 slu01100 slu01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:slu00220 slu01210 slu01230 slu01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:slu00220 slu01230 slu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:slu00220 slu01230 slu01100]
M00978 Ornithine-ammonia cycle [PATH:slu00220 slu01100 slu01110]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:slu00330 slu01230 slu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:slu00330 slu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:slu00330 slu01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:slu00330 slu00260 slu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:slu00330 slu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:slu00330 slu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:slu00340 slu01230 slu01100 slu01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:slu00340 slu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:slu00400 slu01230 slu01100 slu01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:slu00400 slu01230 slu01100 slu01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:slu00400 slu01230 slu01100]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:slu00350 slu01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:slu00350 slu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:slu00350 slu01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:slu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:slu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:slu00250 slu00650 slu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:slu00480 slu01240 slu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:slu00520 slu01250 slu01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:slu00520 slu01250 slu01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:slu00520 slu01250]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:slu00520 slu01250]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:slu00520 slu01250 slu01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:slu00520 slu00052 slu01250]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:slu00520 slu00053 slu01250]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:slu00520 slu00052 slu01250 slu01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:slu00520 slu01250]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:slu00520 slu01250]
M00955 CMP-Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc biosynthesis, animals, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac => CMP-Neu5Gc [PATH:slu00541 slu01250]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:slu00541 slu01250 slu01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:slu00521 slu00523 slu00541 slu01250 slu01100 slu01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:slu01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:slu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:slu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:slu01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:slu01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:slu01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:slu01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:slu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:slu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:slu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:slu01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:slu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:slu01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:slu01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:slu01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:slu01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:slu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00898 Thiamine biosynthesis, pyridoxal-5P => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:slu00730 slu01240 slu01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:slu00740 slu01240 slu01100 slu01110]
M00911 Riboflavin biosynthesis, fungi, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:slu00740 slu01240 slu01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:slu00750 slu01240 slu01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:slu00760 slu01240 slu01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:slu00760 slu01240 slu01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:slu00770 slu01240 slu01100 slu01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:slu00770 slu01240 slu01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:slu00785 slu01240 slu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:slu00785 slu01240 slu01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:slu00785 slu01240 slu01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:slu00790 slu00670 slu01240 slu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:slu00790 slu01240 slu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:slu00790 slu01240 slu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:slu00670 slu01240 slu01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:slu01240 slu01100 slu01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:slu01240 slu01100 slu01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:slu01240 slu01100 slu01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:slu01240 slu01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:slu01240 slu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:slu01240 slu01100]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:slu01240 slu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:slu00900 slu01100 slu01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:slu00900 slu01100 slu01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:slu00900 slu01100 slu01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:slu00900 slu01100 slu01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:slu00362 slu01220 slu01100 slu01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:slu01501]

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity