KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:spc00010 spc01200 spc01230 spc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:spc00010 spc00020 spc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:spc00010 spc00020 spc00620 spc00785 spc01200 spc01210 spc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:spc00020 spc01200 spc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:spc00020 spc01200 spc01210 spc01230 spc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:spc00020 spc01200 spc01210 spc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:spc00030 spc01200 spc01100 spc01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:spc00030 spc01200 spc01100 spc01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:spc00030 spc01200 spc01230 spc01100 spc01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:spc00030 spc00230 spc01200 spc01230 spc01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:spc00030 spc01200 spc01100 spc01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:spc00040 spc00030 spc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:spc00500 spc01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:spc00630 spc01200 spc01100 spc01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:spc00280 spc00630 spc00640 spc01200 spc01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:spc00640 spc00020 spc01200 spc01100 spc01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:spc00620 spc00710 spc01200 spc01100 spc01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:spc00620 spc00710 spc01200 spc01100 spc01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:spc00430 spc00620 spc00720 spc01200 spc01100 spc01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:spc00910 spc01310 spc01100 spc01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:spc00920 spc01320 spc01100 spc01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:spc00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:spc00190 spc01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:spc00061 spc01212 spc01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:spc00061 spc01212 spc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:spc00061 spc00071 spc01212 spc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:spc00071 spc01212 spc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:spc00564 spc01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:spc00564 spc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:spc00230 spc01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:spc00230 spc01232 spc01240 spc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:spc00230 spc01232 spc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:spc00230 spc00240 spc01232 spc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:spc00230 spc01232 spc01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:spc00230 spc01232 spc01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:spc00240 spc01232 spc01240 spc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:spc00240 spc01232 spc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:spc00260 spc00680 spc01200 spc01230 spc01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:spc00260 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:spc00260 spc00630 spc00670 spc00785 spc01200 spc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:spc00270 spc00920 spc01320 spc01200 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:spc00270 spc01230 spc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:spc00290 spc00770 spc01210 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:spc00290 spc01230 spc01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:spc00290 spc01210 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:spc00280 spc01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:spc00300 spc01230 spc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:spc00220 spc01210 spc01230 spc01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:spc00220 spc01230 spc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:spc00330 spc01230 spc01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:spc00330 spc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:spc00340 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:spc00340 spc01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:spc00400 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:spc00400 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:spc00400 spc01230 spc01100 spc01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:spc00400 spc01230 spc01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:spc00350 spc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:spc00480 spc01240 spc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:spc00520 spc01250 spc01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:spc00520 spc01250]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:spc00520 spc01250]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:spc00520 spc01250 spc01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:spc00520 spc00052 spc01250]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:spc00520 spc00053 spc01250]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:spc00520 spc01250]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:spc00541 spc01250 spc01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:spc00521 spc00523 spc00541 spc01250 spc01100 spc01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:spc00540 spc01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:spc00730 spc01240 spc01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:spc00740 spc01240 spc01100 spc01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:spc00750 spc01240 spc01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:spc00760 spc01240 spc01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:spc00770 spc01240 spc01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:spc00780 spc01240 spc01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:spc00785 spc01240 spc01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:spc00790 spc00670 spc01240 spc01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:spc00790 spc01240 spc01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:spc00670 spc01240 spc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:spc00860 spc01240 spc01100 spc01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:spc00860 spc01240 spc01100 spc01110]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:spc00860 spc01240 spc01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:spc00860 spc01240 spc01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:spc00130 spc01240 spc01100 spc01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:spc00130 spc01240 spc01100 spc01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:spc00130 spc01240 spc01100 spc01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:spc00362 spc01220 spc01100 spc01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:spc01501]

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation