KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:sra00010 sra01200 sra01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:sra00010 sra01200 sra01230 sra01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:sra00010 sra00020 sra01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:sra00010 sra00020 sra00620 sra00785 sra01200 sra01210 sra01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:sra00020 sra01200 sra01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sra00020 sra01200 sra01210 sra01230 sra01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:sra00020 sra01200 sra01210 sra01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:sra00030 sra01200 sra01100 sra01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:sra00030 sra01200 sra01100 sra01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sra00030 sra01200 sra01230 sra01100 sra01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:sra00030 sra01200 sra01230 sra01100 sra01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:sra00030 sra00230 sra01200 sra01230 sra01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:sra00030 sra01200 sra01100 sra01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:sra00040 sra00030 sra01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:sra00052 sra01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:sra00053 sra01100 sra01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:sra00500 sra01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:sra00500 sra01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:sra00500 sra01100 sra01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:sra00630 sra01200 sra01100 sra01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:sra00280 sra00630 sra00640 sra01200 sra01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:sra00640 sra00020 sra01200 sra01100 sra01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:sra00620 sra00710 sra01200 sra01100 sra01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:sra00620 sra00710 sra01200 sra01100 sra01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:sra00430 sra00620 sra00720 sra01200 sra01100 sra01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:sra00030 sra00680 sra01200 sra01230 sra01100 sra01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sra00910 sra01310 sra01100 sra01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:sra00910 sra01310 sra01100 sra01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:sra00920 sra01320 sra01100 sra01120]

Photosynthesis
M00597 Anoxygenic photosystem II

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sra00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]
M00159 V/A-type ATPase, prokaryotes [PATH:sra00190 sra01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:sra00061 sra01212 sra01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:sra00061 sra01212 sra01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:sra00061 sra00071 sra01212 sra01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:sra00071 sra01212 sra01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:sra00564 sra01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:sra00564 sra01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:sra00230 sra01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:sra00230 sra01232 sra01240 sra01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:sra00230 sra01232 sra01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:sra00230 sra00240 sra01232 sra01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:sra00230 sra01232 sra01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:sra00230 sra01232 sra01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:sra00240 sra01240 sra01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:sra00240 sra01232 sra01240 sra01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:sra00240 sra01232 sra01100]
M00939 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => 3-hydroxypropanoate [PATH:sra00240 sra01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sra00260 sra00680 sra01200 sra01230 sra01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:sra00260 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sra00260 sra00630 sra00670 sra00785 sra01200 sra01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sra00260 sra00670 sra01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sra00270 sra00920 sra01320 sra01200 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:sra00260 sra00270 sra00670 sra01230 sra01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:sra00270 sra01230 sra01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:sra00270 sra01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:sra00270 sra00670 sra01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sra00290 sra00770 sra01210 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:sra00290 sra01230 sra01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:sra00290 sra01210 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:sra00300 sra01230 sra01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:sra00220 sra01210 sra01230 sra01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:sra00220 sra01230 sra01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:sra00330 sra01230 sra01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:sra00330 sra01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:sra00330 sra01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:sra00330 sra01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:sra00330 sra01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:sra00330 sra01100]
M00136 GABA biosynthesis, prokaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:sra00330 sra01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:sra00340 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:sra00340 sra01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:sra00400 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:sra00400 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:sra00400 sra01230 sra01100 sra01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:sra00400 sra01230 sra01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:sra00480 sra01240 sra01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:sra00470 sra01100]
M00949 Staphylopine biosynthesis, L-histidine => staphylopine [PATH:sra00470 sra01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:sra00520 sra01250 sra01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:sra00520 sra01250 sra01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:sra00520 sra01250 sra01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:sra00520 sra00052 sra01250 sra01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:sra00520 sra00053 sra01250 sra01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:sra00520 sra00052 sra01250 sra01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:sra00520 sra01250 sra01100]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:sra00541 sra01250 sra01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:sra00541]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:sra00541 sra01250 sra01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:sra00541 sra01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:sra00521 sra00523 sra00541 sra01250 sra01100 sra01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:sra00540 sra01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:sra00730 sra01240 sra01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:sra00730 sra01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:sra00740 sra01240 sra01100 sra01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sra00750 sra01240 sra01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:sra00750 sra01240 sra01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:sra00760 sra01240 sra01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:sra00760 sra01100 sra01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:sra00770 sra01240 sra01100 sra01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:sra00770 sra01240 sra01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:sra00780 sra01240 sra01100]
M00577 Biotin biosynthesis, BioW pathway, pimelate => pimeloyl-CoA => biotin [PATH:sra00780 sra01240 sra01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:sra00785 sra01240 sra01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:sra00785 sra01240 sra01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:sra00790 sra00670 sra01240 sra01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:sra00790 sra01240 sra01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:sra00790 sra01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:sra00670 sra01240 sra01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:sra00860 sra01240 sra01100 sra01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:sra00860 sra01240 sra01100 sra01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:sra00860 sra01240 sra01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sra00130 sra01240 sra01100 sra01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:sra00130 sra01240 sra01100 sra01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:sra00130 sra01240 sra01100 sra01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:sra00900 sra01100 sra01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:sra00900 sra01100 sra01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00790 Pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis, tryptophan => pyrrolnitrin [PATH:sra00404 sra01100 sra01110]
M00837 Prodigiosin biosynthesis, L-proline => prodigiosin [PATH:sra00333 sra01100 sra01110]
M00876 Staphyloferrin A biosynthesis, L-ornithine => staphyloferrin A [PATH:sra00997 sra01100 sra01110]
M00875 Staphyloferrin B biosynthesis, L-serine => staphyloferrin B [PATH:sra00997 sra01100 sra01110]
M00918 Aerobactin biosynthesis, lysine => aerobactin [PATH:sra00997 sra01100 sra01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:sra01501]
M00700 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AbcA
M00702 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump NorB

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation