KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:zma00010 zma01200 zma01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:zma00010 zma01200 zma01230 zma01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:zma00010 zma00020 zma01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:zma00010 zma00020 zma00620 zma00785 zma01200 zma01210 zma01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:zma00020 zma01200 zma01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:zma00020 zma01200 zma01210 zma01230 zma01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:zma00020 zma01200 zma01210 zma01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:zma00030 zma01200 zma01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:zma00030 zma01200 zma01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:zma00030 zma01200 zma01230 zma01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:zma00030 zma00230 zma01200 zma01230 zma01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:zma00040 zma01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:zma00051 zma00053 zma01240 zma01100 zma01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:zma00500 zma01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:zma00630 zma01200 zma01100 zma01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:zma00630 zma01200 zma01100 zma01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:zma00562 zma01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:zma00710 zma01200 zma01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:zma00620 zma00710 zma01200 zma01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:zma00620 zma00710 zma01200 zma01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:zma00620 zma00710 zma01200 zma01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:zma00710 zma01200 zma01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:zma00710 zma01200 zma01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:zma00910 zma01310 zma01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:zma00920 zma01320 zma01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:zma00195 zma01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:zma00195 zma01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:zma00190 zma01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:zma00190 zma01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:zma00190 zma01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:zma00190 zma00195 zma01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:zma00061 zma01212 zma01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:zma00061 zma01212 zma01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:zma00062 zma01040 zma01212 zma01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:zma00061 zma00071 zma01212 zma01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:zma00071 zma01212 zma01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:zma00100 zma01100 zma01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:zma00561 zma01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:zma00561 zma01100]
M01048 Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) biosynthesis, glucose-1P => SQDG [PATH:zma00561 zma00566 zma01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:zma00564 zma01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:zma00600 zma01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:zma00600 zma01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:zma00600 zma01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:zma00592 zma01100 zma01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:zma00230 zma01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:zma00230 zma01232 zma01240 zma01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:zma00230 zma01232 zma01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:zma00230 zma00240 zma01232 zma01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:zma00240 zma01232 zma01240 zma01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:zma00240 zma00410 zma00770 zma01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:zma00260 zma01200 zma01230 zma01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:zma00260 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:zma00260 zma00630 zma00670 zma00785 zma01200 zma01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:zma00260 zma00670 zma01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:zma00270 zma00920 zma01320 zma01200 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:zma00270 zma01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:zma00270 zma01100 zma01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:zma00290 zma00770 zma01210 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:zma00290 zma01230 zma01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:zma00290 zma01210 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:zma00280 zma01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:zma00300 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:zma00220 zma01210 zma01230 zma01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:zma00220 zma01230 zma01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:zma00330 zma01230 zma01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:zma00330 zma01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:zma00330 zma01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:zma00330 zma01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:zma00340 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:zma00400 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:zma00400 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:zma00400 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:zma00400 zma01230 zma01100 zma01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:zma00350 zma01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:zma00380 zma01100 zma01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:zma00250 zma00650 zma01100]
M00369 Cyanogenic glycoside biosynthesis, tyrosine => dhurrin [PATH:zma00460 zma01100 zma01110]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:zma00480 zma01240 zma01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:zma00520 zma01250 zma01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:zma00520 zma01250 zma01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:zma00520 zma01250 zma01100]
M00998 UDP-L-Ara biosynthesis, L-Ala => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:zma00520 zma01250 zma01100]
M00997 UDP-Xyl/L-Ara biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Xyl => UDP-L-Ala [PATH:zma00520 zma01250 zma01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:zma00520 zma00053 zma01250 zma01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:zma00520 zma00051 zma01250 zma01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:zma00520 zma00051 zma01250 zma01100]
M01001 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, L-Fuc => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:zma00520 zma01250 zma01100]
M01021 UDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-L-Rha [PATH:zma00541 zma01250 zma01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:zma00541 zma00051 zma01250 zma01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:zma00510 zma01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:zma00510 zma00513 zma01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:zma00510 zma01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:zma00730 zma01240 zma01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:zma00730 zma01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:zma00740 zma01240 zma01100 zma01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:zma00750 zma01240 zma01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:zma00770 zma01240 zma01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:zma00780 zma01240 zma01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:zma00785 zma01240 zma01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:zma00785 zma01240 zma01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:zma00790 zma00670 zma01240 zma01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:zma00790 zma01240 zma01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:zma00860 zma01240 zma01100 zma01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:zma00130 zma01240 zma01100 zma01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:zma00130 zma01240 zma01100 zma01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:zma00900 zma01100 zma01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:zma00900 zma01100 zma01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:zma00900 zma01100 zma01110]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 Lycopene biosynthesis, geranylgeranyl-PP => lycopene [PATH:zma00906 zma01100 zma01110]
M01040 Lutein biosynthesis, plants, lycopene => lutein [PATH:zma00906 zma01100 zma01110]
M01045 Zeaxanthin biosynthesis, lycopene => beta-carotene => zeaxanthin [PATH:zma00906 zma01100 zma01110]
M01046 Xanthophyll cycle [PATH:zma00906 zma01100 zma01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, plants, 9'-cis-neoxanthin/9-cis-violaxanthin => abscisic acid [PATH:zma00906 zma01100 zma01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, plants, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:zma00904 zma01100 zma01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, plants, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:zma00904 zma01100 zma01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:zma00940 zma01100 zma01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:zma00940 zma00941 zma01100 zma01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:zma00941 zma01100 zma01110]
M00953 Mugineic acid biosynthesis, methionine => 3-epihydroxymugineic acid [PATH:zma00999 zma01100 zma01110]
M00952 Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, indoleglycerol phosphate => DIMBOA-glucoside [PATH:zma00999 zma01100 zma01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation