KEGG DISEASE: Leprosy

DISEASE: Leprosy

Entry

H00344                      Disease

Name

Leprosy;
Hansen disease

Description

Leprosy, also called Hansen's disease, is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) and the more recently discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis (M. lepromatosis). It primarily affects peripheral nerves, skin and mucosa particularly the upper respiratory tract.

Category

Bacterial infectious disease

Brite

Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
01 Certain infectious or parasitic diseases
  Mycobacterial diseases
   1B20  Leprosy
    H00344  Leprosy
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Immune system
  nt06517  TLR signaling
   H00344  Leprosy
Genome-based classification of infectious diseases [BR:br08401]
Bacterial infections
  Infections caused by actinobacteria
   H00344  Leprosy

Pathway

hsa04612

Antigen processing and presentation

hsa04650

Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

hsa04620

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway

hsa04060

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

hsa04141

Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum

Network

nt06517 TLR signaling

Gene

(LPRS3) TLR2 [HSA:7097] [KO:K10159]
(LPRS4) LTA [HSA:4049] [KO:K05468]
(LPRS5) TLR1 [HSA:7096] [KO:K05398]

Pathogen

Mycobacterium leprae [GN:mle] (from India)
Mycobacterium leprae [GN:mlb] (from Brazil)
Mycobacterium lepromatosis [GN:mlm]

Drug

Dapsone [DR:D00592]

Other DBs

ICD-11:

1B20

ICD-10:

A30

MeSH:

D007918

OMIM:

609888 246300 610988 613223

MedlinePlus:

001347

Reference

PMID:21616456

Authors

Rodrigues LC, Lockwood DNj

Title

Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps.

Journal

Lancet Infect Dis 11:464-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70006-8

Reference

PMID:32339201

Authors

Ploemacher T, Faber WR, Menke H, Rutten V, Pieters T

Title

Reservoirs and transmission routes of leprosy; A systematic review.

Journal

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14:e0008276 (2020)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008276

Reference

PMID:15726416 (TLR2)

Authors

Malhotra D, Relhan V, Reddy BS, Bamezai R

Title

TLR2 Arg677Trp polymorphism in leprosy: revisited.

Journal

Hum Genet 116:413-5 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00439-004-1249-9

Reference

PMID:17353895 (LTA)

Authors

Alcais A, Alter A, Antoni G, Orlova M, Nguyen VT, Singh M, Vanderborght PR, Katoch K, Mira MT, Vu HT, Ngyuen TH, Nguyen NB, Moraes M, Mehra N, Schurr E, Abel L

Title

Stepwise replication identifies a low-producing lymphotoxin-alpha allele as a major risk factor for early-onset leprosy.

Journal

Nat Genet 39:517-22 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/ng2000

Reference

PMID:17548585 (TLR1)

Authors

Johnson CM, Lyle EA, Omueti KO, Stepensky VA, Yegin O, Alpsoy E, Hamann L, Schumann RR, Tapping RI

Title

Cutting edge: A common polymorphism impairs cell surface trafficking and functional responses of TLR1 but protects against leprosy.

Journal

J Immunol 178:7520-4 (2007)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7520

Reference

PMID:14737177 (PRKN)

Authors

Mira MT, Alcais A, Nguyen VT, Moraes MO, Di Flumeri C, Vu HT, Mai CP, Nguyen TH, Nguyen NB, Pham XK, Sarno EN, Alter A, Montpetit A, Moraes ME, Moraes JR, Dore C, Gallant CJ, Lepage P, Verner A, Van De Vosse E, Hudson TJ, Abel L, Schurr E

Title

Susceptibility to leprosy is associated with PARK2 and PACRG.

Journal

Nature 427:636-40 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nature02326

Reference

PMID:16728267 (HLA)

Authors

Geluk A, Ottenhoff TH

Title

HLA and leprosy in the pre and postgenomic eras.

Journal

Hum Immunol 67:439-45 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.03.009

LinkDB

» Japanese version

DISEASE: Tuberculosis

Entry

H00342                      Disease

Name

Tuberculosis

Subgroup

Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis [DS:H01472]

Description

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by strains of mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, resulting in an estimated two million deaths each year worldwide, more than from any other single bacterial pathogen. Inhalation is the predominant pathway of infection, making pulmonary tuberculosis the most common form of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis may arise either from a recent infection with M. tuberculosis, or from the reactivation of dormant bacilli, years or decades after initial infection. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis mainly results from reactivation of a tuberculous focus after hematogenous dissemination or lymphogenous spread from a primary, usually pulmonary focus.

Category

Bacterial infectious disease

Brite

Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
01 Certain infectious or parasitic diseases
  Mycobacterial diseases
   Tuberculosis
    1B10  Tuberculosis of the respiratory system
     H00342  Tuberculosis
    1B11  Tuberculosis of the nervous system
     H00342  Tuberculosis
    1B12  Tuberculosis of other systems and organs
     H00342  Tuberculosis
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Immune system
  nt06517  TLR signaling
   H00342  Tuberculosis
Genome-based classification of infectious diseases [BR:br08401]
Bacterial infections
  Infections caused by actinobacteria
   H00342  Tuberculosis

Disease
pathway

hsa05152

Tuberculosis

Pathway

hsa04620

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Network

nt06517 TLR signaling

Gene

IFNG (protection) [HSA:3458] [KO:K04687]
IFNGR1 (susceptibility/protection) [HSA:3459] [KO:K05132]
IFNGR2 [HSA:3460] [KO:K05133]
HLA-DRB1 (susceptibility) [HSA:3123] [KO:K06752]
HLA-DQB1 (susceptibility) [HSA:3119] [KO:K06752]
SLC11A1 (susceptibility) [HSA:6556] [KO:K12347]
VDR (susceptibility) [HSA:7421] [KO:K08539]
MBL2 (protection) [HSA:4153] [KO:K03991]
CCL2 (susceptibility) [HSA:6347] [KO:K14624]
CD209 (susceptibility) [HSA:30835] [KO:K06563]
CISH (susceptibility) [HSA:1154] [KO:K04701]
IRGM (protection) [HSA:345611] [KO:K14139]
SP110 (susceptibility) [HSA:3431] [KO:K24503]
TIRAP (protection) [HSA:114609] [KO:K05403]
TLR2 (susceptibility) [HSA:7097] [KO:K10159]

Pathogen

Mycobacterium tuberculosis [GN:mtu mtc mtf mtb mtk mtg mti mte mtl mto mtd mtj mtuc mtue mtuh maf]
Mycobacterium canettii [GN:mce mcq mcv mcx mcz]

Drug

Triamcinolone acetonide [DR:D00983]
Dexamethasone [DR:D00292]
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate [DR:D00975]
Hydrocortisone [DR:D00088]
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate [DR:D00978]
Prednisolone [DR:D00472]
Prednisolone sodium phosphate [DR:D00981]
Streptomycin sulfate [DR:D01350]
Prednisone [DR:D00473]
Methylprednisolone [DR:D00407]
Methylprednisolone acetate [DR:D00979]
Cortisone acetate [DR:D00973]
Aminosalicylic acid [DR:D00162]
Cycloserine [DR:D00877]
Rifampin [DR:D00211]
Rifapentine [DR:D00879]
Capreomycin sulfate [DR:D00135]
Isoniazid [DR:D00346]
Rifampin and isoniazid [DR:D11578]
Ethionamide [DR:D00591]
Pyrazinamide [DR:D00144]
Ethambutol hydrochloride [DR:D00878]
Rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide [DR:D10210]
BCG vaccine [DR:D03063]

Other DBs

ICD-11:

ICD-10:

MeSH:

MedlinePlus:

OMIM:

Reference

PMID:20206579

Authors

Moller M, Hoal EG

Title

Current findings, challenges and novel approaches in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Journal

Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:71-83 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2010.02.002

Reference

PMID:17147011

Authors

De Backer AI, Mortele KJ, De Keulenaer BL, Parizel PM

Title

Tuberculosis: epidemiology, manifestations, and the value of medical imaging in diagnosis.

Journal

JBR-BTR 89:243-50 (2006)

Reference

PMID:21420161

Authors

Lawn SD, Zumla AI

Title

Tuberculosis.

Journal

Lancet 378:57-72 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3

Reference

PMID:16690980 (IFNG IFNGR1 IFNGR2)

Authors

Cooke GS, Campbell SJ, Sillah J, Gustafson P, Bah B, Sirugo G, Bennett S, McAdam KP, Sow O, Lienhardt C, Hill AV

Title

Polymorphism within the interferon-gamma/receptor complex is associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Journal

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:339-43 (2006)
DOI:10.1164/rccm.200601-088OC

Reference

PMID:24024195 (SLC11A1 VDR HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQB1)

Authors

Wu F, Zhang W, Zhang L, Wu J, Li C, Meng X, Wang X, He P, Zhang J

Title

NRAMP1, VDR, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to tuberculosis among the Chinese Kazakh population: a case-control study.

Journal

Biomed Res Int 2013:484535 (2013)
DOI:10.1155/2013/484535

Reference

PMID:16103355 (SLC11A1)

Authors

Malik S, Abel L, Tooker H, Poon A, Simkin L, Girard M, Adams GJ, Starke JR, Smith KC, Graviss EA, Musser JM, Schurr E

Title

Alleles of the NRAMP1 gene are risk factors for pediatric tuberculosis disease.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:12183-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0503368102

Reference

PMID:32847384 (VDR)

Authors

Maruthai K, Sankar S, Subramanian M

Title

Methylation Status of VDR Gene and its Association with Vitamin D Status and VDR Gene Expression in Pediatric Tuberculosis Disease.

Journal

Immunol Invest 51:73-87 (2022)
DOI:10.1080/08820139.2020.1810702

Reference

PMID:33270011 (MBL2)

Authors

Taheri M, Karimloo R, Sarani H, Molashahi B, Naderi M, Bahari G, Hashemi M

Title

Association Study of MBL2 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Tuberculosis in Southeast of Iran.

Journal

Prague Med Rep 121:236-243 (2020)
DOI:10.14712/23362936.2020.20

Reference

PMID:20041183 (CCL2)

Authors

Hasan Z, Cliff JM, Dockrell HM, Jamil B, Irfan M, Ashraf M, Hussain R

Title

CCL2 responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with disease severity in tuberculosis.

Journal

PLoS One 4:e8459 (2009)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0008459

Reference

PMID:16379498 (CD209)

Authors

Barreiro LB, Neyrolles O, Babb CL, Tailleux L, Quach H, McElreavey K, Helden PD, Hoal EG, Gicquel B, Quintana-Murci L

Title

Promoter variation in the DC-SIGN-encoding gene CD209 is associated with tuberculosis.

Journal

PLoS Med 3:e20 (2006)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030020

Reference

PMID:28954234 (CISH)

Authors

Queval CJ, Song OR, Carralot JP, Saliou JM, Bongiovanni A, Deloison G, Deboosere N, Jouny S, Iantomasi R, Delorme V, Debrie AS, Park SJ, Gouveia JC, Tomavo S, Brosch R, Yoshimura A, Yeramian E, Brodin P

Title

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Controls Phagosomal Acidification by Targeting CISH-Mediated Signaling.

Journal

Cell Rep 20:3188-3198 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.101

Reference

PMID:19750224 (IRGM)

Authors

Intemann CD, Thye T, Niemann S, Browne EN, Amanua Chinbuah M, Enimil A, Gyapong J, Osei I, Owusu-Dabo E, Helm S, Rusch-Gerdes S, Horstmann RD, Meyer CG

Title

Autophagy gene variant IRGM -261T contributes to protection from tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis but not by M. africanum strains.

Journal

PLoS Pathog 5:e1000577 (2009)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000577

Reference

PMID:17149599 (SP110)

Authors

Szeszko JS, Healy B, Stevens H, Balabanova Y, Drobniewski F, Todd JA, Nejentsev S

Title

Resequencing and association analysis of the SP110 gene in adult pulmonary tuberculosis.

Journal

Hum Genet 121:155-60 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00439-006-0293-z

Reference

PMID:18305471 (TIRAP)

Authors

Nejentsev S, Thye T, Szeszko JS, Stevens H, Balabanova Y, Chinbuah AM, Hibberd M, van de Vosse E, Alisjahbana B, van Crevel R, Ottenhoff TH, Png E, Drobniewski F, Todd JA, Seielstad M, Horstmann RD

Title

Analysis of association of the TIRAP (MAL) S180L variant and tuberculosis in three populations.

Journal

Nat Genet 40:261-2; author reply 262-3 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/ng0308-261

Reference

PMID:14979495 (TLR2)

Authors

Ogus AC, Yoldas B, Ozdemir T, Uguz A, Olcen S, Keser I, Coskun M, Cilli A, Yegin O

Title

The Arg753GLn polymorphism of the human toll-like receptor 2 gene in tuberculosis disease.

Journal

Eur Respir J 23:219-23 (2004)
DOI:10.1183/09031936.03.00061703

LinkDB

» Japanese version

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