Entry Name Cholinergic synapse - Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Description Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) [GN:
aju ]
Gene 106975317 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
106978946 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958 ]
106968786 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
106976077 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
106982851 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926 ]
106973706 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 isoform X11 [KO:K04927 ]
106971500 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 [KO:K04928 ]
106988982 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04929 ]
106980202 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04930 ]
106981446 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 isoform X1 [KO:K05005 ]
106977809 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
106982494 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
106973284 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04534 ]
106984654 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
106987417 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
106965344 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
106967264 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
106981966 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
113593204 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3-like [KO:K04540 ]
106981725 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
106982557 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X3 [KO:K04541 ]
106970626 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
106973348 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
106989697 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
113593434 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
113592841 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
106969997 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
106985197 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
113596552 putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 isoform X3 [KO:K04347 ]
106977369 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04547 ]
106969996 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
106985188 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 isoform X1 [KO:K04549 ]
106979067 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
106967007 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000 ]
106987833 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106972459 phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
106972460 phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
106967817 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
106973707 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04806 ]
106990018 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04808 ]
106967098 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K05870 ]
106970423 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
106987262 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
106975473 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
106978069 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
106987665 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X6 [KO:K09047 ]
106984896 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106984265 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106976917 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
106973297 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
106969150 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
106986103 voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
106986735 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X5 [KO:K04849 ]
106965473 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
106986998 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
106988999 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
106974264 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference Authors Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
Title Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
Journal The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference Authors Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
Title From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
Journal Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference Authors Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
Title Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Resende RR, Adhikari A
Title Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
Title The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
Journal Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference Authors Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
Title Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
Journal Reference Authors Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
Title Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Brown DA
Title Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors Chang KT, Berg DK
Title Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Soreq H, Seidman S
Title Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
Journal Reference Authors Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
Title Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
Journal Reference Authors Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
Title Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
Journal Reference Authors Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
Title Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
Journal Reference Authors Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
Title Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
