KEGG   PATHWAY: aml04721
Entry
aml04721                    Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
aml04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
aml04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) [GN:aml]
Gene
100472086  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
100463950  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
100473870  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
100473979  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
100482818  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
100470140  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
100473621  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
100484249  SYT1; synaptotagmin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K15290]
100479348  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
100477377  RAB3A; ras-related protein Rab-3A [KO:K07882]
100470080  RIMS1; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K15291]
100471032  STX1A; syntaxin-1A [KO:K04560]
100469205  STX2; syntaxin-2 isoform X3 [KO:K08486]
100477239  STX1B; syntaxin-1B [KO:K08486]
100484308  STX3; syntaxin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
100484175  STXBP1; syntaxin-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K15292]
100473240  UNC13A; protein unc-13 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K15293]
100472307  UNC13B; protein unc-13 homolog B isoform X4 [KO:K15293]
100473303  UNC13C; protein unc-13 homolog C [KO:K15293]
100473013  SNAP25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform X2 [KO:K18211]
100481365  CPLX1; complexin-1 [KO:K15294]
100481007  CPLX2; complexin-2 [KO:K15294]
100472273  CPLX3; complexin-3 [KO:K15295]
100475497  CPLX4; complexin-4 [KO:K15295]
100473951  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
100466608  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
100472215  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
100469353  NAPA; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein [KO:K15296]
100470165  DNM1; dynamin-1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100471013  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100466002  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X8 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100474128  CLTA; clathrin light chain A isoform X3 [KO:K04644]
100484018  CLTB; clathrin light chain B isoform X3 [KO:K04645]
100464757  CLTC; clathrin heavy chain 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04646]
100467417  CLTCL1; clathrin heavy chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
100466326  AP2A1; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
100477769  AP2A2; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
100484452  AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11825]
100472840  AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu isoform X3 [KO:K11826]
100470875  AP2S1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma [KO:K11827]
100472276  ATP6V1A; V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
100482823  ATP6V1B1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
100463698  ATP6V1B2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
100464079  ATP6V1C2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
100467928  ATP6V1C1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148]
100470452  ATP6V1D; V-type proton ATPase subunit D [KO:K02149]
100469216  ATP6V1E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 [KO:K02150]
100464522  ATP6V1E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02150]
100476784  ATP6V1F; V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
100465872  ATP6V1G2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02152]
100474366  ATP6V1G1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
100469813  ATP6V1G3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152]
100483583  ATP6V0E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
100465171  ATP6V0E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
100472613  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a [KO:K02154]
100470696  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X2 [KO:K02154]
100482982  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X2 [KO:K02154]
105238191  ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a [KO:K02154]
100475211  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 [KO:K02146]
100464651  ATP6V0D1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146]
100478019  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
100468021  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K02155]
100471884  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K03661]
100481037  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
100465372  SLC6A2; sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05035]
100478402  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
100481897  SLC6A4; sodium-dependent serotonin transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05037]
100476964  SLC6A5; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038]
100471041  SLC6A9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 [KO:K05038]
100475713  SLC6A7; sodium-dependent proline transporter [KO:K05040]
100480785  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05044]
100476533  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
100476282  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
100484877  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
100475478  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613]
100479747  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614]
100484301  SLC1A6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617]
100464893  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
aml04144  Endocytosis
aml04724  Glutamatergic synapse
aml04725  Cholinergic synapse
aml04726  Serotonergic synapse
aml04727  GABAergic synapse
aml04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   
LinkDB

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