Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Meriones unguiculatus (Mongolian gerbil)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
mun05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Meriones unguiculatus (Mongolian gerbil) [GN:
mun ]
Gene
110565112 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
110556252 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
110548394 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
110553683 Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
110549145 Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
110563512 Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
110550200 Eif4ebp1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
110558602 Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K02580 ]
110557417 Rac1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
110548604 Tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
110545551 Tradd; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171 ]
110559917 Gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
110556769 Gnb2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
110548560 Gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
110556251 Gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
110545481 Gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
110557636 Gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07826 ]
110557460 Gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
110558140 Gng4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
110540240 Gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
110555606 Gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
110552633 Gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
110557441 Gng10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
110565823 Gng11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
110545821 Gng14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
110558424 Gng12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
110548730 Gng13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
110565822 Gngt1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X1 [KO:K04548 ]
110553430 Gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
110562511 Gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
110548534 Gna11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
110555720 Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
110550598 Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
110558908 Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
110551992 Ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
110551668 Ppp3cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
110550273 Nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
110547352 Nfatc2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
110545902 Nfatc3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
110543951 Nfatc4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
110539607 Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
110545517 Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
110564775 Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
110561150 Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
110554732 Gna12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X2 [KO:K04346 ]
110560037 Gna13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
110566357 Arhgef1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12330 ]
110564974 Arhgef11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform X3 [KO:K12331 ]
110548553 Arhgef12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
110563956 Ptger2; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype isoform X1 [KO:K04259 ]
110550916 Stat3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
110550366 Vegfa; vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform X3 [KO:K05448 ]
110551437 Creb1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
110556579 Atf2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
110564629 Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
110549859 Creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
110555614 Creb3l3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
110549233 Creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
110554250 Creb3l4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
110561882 Creb3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
110554970 Creb5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K09047 ]
110565383 Atf6b; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
110554744 Bcar1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K05726 ]
110549113 Il10ra; interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05134 ]
110557144 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, D-37 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
110557146 RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen, AA alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
110562341 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X3 [KO:K06751 ]
110563045 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
110563046 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
110563052 class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
110543171 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, K-D alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
110543428 RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen, AA alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
110544579 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
132648276 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
110543095 RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen, AA alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
110557135 RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen, AA alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
132648299 RT1 class I histocompatibility antigen, AA alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
110546586 Cdkn1a; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06625 ]
110556827 Faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
110561521 Fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
110563439 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
mun04612 Antigen processing and presentation
mun04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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