KEGG   PATHWAY: oro04932
Entry
oro04932                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
oro04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
oro04932

Organism
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:oro]
Gene
101377851  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
101368251  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05055]
101364487  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
101368209  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
101386839  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101371488  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
101381225  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
101383590  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
101363371  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101367978  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
101381397  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
101370689  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101385241  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101385267  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101374787  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
101370100  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101371800  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101383166  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101382320  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101374757  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101374811  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
101365718  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
101378256  NR1H3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08536]
101365135  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K08524]
101373569  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197]
101376076  MLX; max-like protein X isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
101370307  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
101371759  MLXIP; MLX-interacting protein [KO:K09113]
101364399  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
101363785  LEP; leptin isoform X1 [KO:K05424]
101366911  LEPR; leptin receptor isoform X2 [KO:K05062]
101377069  ADIPOQ; adiponectin isoform X1 [KO:K07296]
101372432  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
101364415  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 [KO:K07297]
101379000  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101372712  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101372153  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
101383756  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
101374600  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
101364224  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07200]
101369816  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
101377143  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101377430  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101382259  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101382558  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101386061  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [KO:K07294]
101370284  PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08530]
101364638  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
101378519  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
101366544  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392]
101382287  MAP3K11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 isoform X2 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101367488  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101374143  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101376185  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101370748  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog isoform X2 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
101371113  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
101371938  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101374728  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101366773  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
101368207  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04448]
101382716  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04383]
101383005  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
101375346  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101385284  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
101368354  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
101365364  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
101381319  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389]
101365039  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
101385166  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375]
101365565  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101363609  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101368122  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
101380889  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
101378922  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X2 [KO:K16341]
101371652  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
101369551  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
101365855  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
101371120  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
101386882  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
101386944  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
101371336  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
101363955  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
101378216  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101376526  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101379479  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101372239  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101380104  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101363344  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
101385824  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
101365928  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
101369899  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
101376415  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
105758207  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
101371724  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
101382387  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
101377310  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03948]
101364725  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
101364889  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
101363335  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
101377235  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
101380078  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03950]
101378881  NDUFA7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
101368566  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
101376420  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
101386581  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
101382523  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
101365566  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
101370700  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352]
101362452  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
101371446  NDUFB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
105757340  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
101376585  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
101367307  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
101368539  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
101367535  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03961]
101384656  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
101386359  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
101366380  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
101385827  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
101369135  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
101368895  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
101369334  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101367772  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101372668  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101378518  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
101368628  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
101362780  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
101373411  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101376384  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
101367374  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
101378304  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
101382073  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
101380075  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
101372902  succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00236]
101369754  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
101369783  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
101381163  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
101364292  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
101374005  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00414]
101363987  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
101372183  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
101377835  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
101386810  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K00418]
101377101  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
101371164  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
101385433  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
101380146  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
101379645  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
101378456  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
101380265  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
101370880  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
101368213  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
101378760  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
101386797  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
101383067  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
101374995  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
101367693  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
101381368  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
101363251  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
101380418  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
101362231  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
101384189  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
101375046  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
101376242  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
101370311  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
101383837  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
101370574  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
101377905  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02271]
101371666  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
101365445  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
101364208  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
101382755  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
101366998  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
101381439  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
101380734  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
101371104  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
101384211  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
oro00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
oro00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
oro03320  PPAR signaling pathway
oro04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
oro04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
oro04210  Apoptosis
oro04668  TNF signaling pathway
oro04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
oro04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
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