KEGG   PATHWAY: oro05164
Entry
oro05164                    Pathway                                
Name
Influenza A - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
oro05164  Influenza A
oro05164

Organism
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:oro]
Gene
101378934  tryptase-like [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
101380010  PLG; plasminogen isoform X2 [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]
101380457  PRSS2; trypsin-2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
101378334  cationic trypsin-like isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
101367564  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
101363097  TMPRSS4; transmembrane protease serine 4 [KO:K09635] [EC:3.4.21.-]
101369669  TMPRSS11D; transmembrane protease serine 11D [KO:K09641] [EC:3.4.21.-]
101380879  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101369458  OAS2; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101373749  OAS1; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101374040  OAS3; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101366276  RNASEL; 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease [KO:K01165]
101385775  DNAJB1; dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 [KO:K09507]
101378865  DNAJC3; dnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 [KO:K09523]
101373670  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101363609  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101364706  TRIM25; E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25 [KO:K10652] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101383901  DDX58; probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101381886  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101378110  NLRX1; NLR family member X1 [KO:K12653]
101367736  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648]
101364103  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101375346  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101384959  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X2 [KO:K07210]
101386560  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta isoform X2 [KO:K02581]
101384149  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
101371488  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
101381225  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
101383536  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
101378402  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
101371542  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05842]
101374855  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
101362394  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X2 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101366827  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101386524  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 [KO:K05411]
101362815  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
101386879  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
101371071  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]
101370150  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
101363951  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
101380365  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101374020  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K09447]
101382716  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04383]
101383005  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
101377851  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
101367178  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
101372789  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05425]
101368209  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
101365039  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
101377584  CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
101381338  CCL5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: C-C motif chemokine 5 [KO:K12499]
101379926  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
101375646  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
101377641  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
101378214  IFNA5; interferon alpha-5 [KO:K05414]
101374322  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
101374610  interferon alpha-14-like [KO:K05414]
101379735  interferon beta-like [KO:K05414]
101374900  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
101370046  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
101386107  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 [KO:K05131]
101365648  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101377296  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101364487  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
101378785  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
101368050  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]
101379624  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
101382739  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
101367270  MX2; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 [KO:K14754]
101367365  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
101365827  PML; protein PML [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
101382125  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
101375882  IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
101375007  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 isoform X1 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101382903  CIITA; MHC class II transactivator [KO:K08060] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101372409  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752]
101368848  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752]
101367969  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101370206  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
101370503  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101370728  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
101371503  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
101371809  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain [KO:K06752]
101372107  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101379071  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101379947  H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
101380246  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
101380534  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
101380612  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
101381638  apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD isoform X2 [KO:K12799]
101368106  IL18; interleukin-18 isoform X1 [KO:K05482]
101374661  IL33; interleukin-33 [KO:K12967]
101374787  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
101370100  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101371800  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101370689  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101385241  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101385267  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101383166  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101382320  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101374757  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101372891  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
101362330  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
101378405  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
101371152  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
101381319  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389]
101369551  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
101386839  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101368290  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X2 [KO:K03171]
101385048  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
101365855  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
101371120  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
101371652  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
101380231  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
101375766  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05862]
101366629  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
101372733  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
101371414  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
101367537  ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
101384049  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
101374224  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
101386882  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
101386944  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
101383104  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
101362812  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
101371336  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
101362800  CPSF4; cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 [KO:K14404]
101367156  CPSF4L; putative cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4-like protein [KO:K14404]
101362635  PABPN1; polyadenylate-binding protein 2 [KO:K14396]
101379845  PABPN1L; embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2 [KO:K14396]
101378805  NXF1; nuclear RNA export factor 1 [KO:K14284]
101365073  uncharacterized protein LOC101365073 [KO:K14284]
101385673  NXF3; nuclear RNA export factor 3 [KO:K14284]
101364769  nuclear RNA export factor 2-like [KO:K14284]
101383968  NXT1; NTF2-related export protein 1 [KO:K14285]
101371188  NXT2; NTF2-related export protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K14285]
101365476  HNRNPUL1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15047]
101367436  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mRNA export factor-like [KO:K14298]
101375257  RAE1; mRNA export factor [KO:K14298]
101385936  NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X1 [KO:K14297]
101381933  RSAD2; radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K15045]
101363916  FDPS; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
101386060  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101372149  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101365373  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101376586  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101372573  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101382213  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101375328  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05692]
101363769  RAB11A; ras-related protein Rab-11A isoform X1 [KO:K07904]
101377910  RAB11B; ras-related protein Rab-11B [KO:K07905]
101380184  XPO1; exportin-1 [KO:K14290]
101383999  KPNA1; importin subunit alpha-5 [KO:K23940]
101375451  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: importin subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K15043]
101381089  KPNA2; importin subunit alpha-1 [KO:K15043]
101370757  KPNA7; importin subunit alpha-8 [KO:K15043]
101380686  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: importin subunit alpha-8-like [KO:K15043]
101367770  KPNA6; importin subunit alpha-7 [KO:K15042]
101383659  KPNA5; importin subunit alpha-6 [KO:K15042]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00080  H+
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24225499
  Authors
Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
  Title
Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 95:263-77 (2014)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.059477-0
Reference
PMID:19565019
  Authors
Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
  Title
Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
  Journal
J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference
PMID:27751627
  Authors
Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
  Title
A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 24:933-943 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:18588994
  Authors
Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
  Title
Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2671-4 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.05.019
Reference
PMID:23977434
  Authors
Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
  Title
Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
  Journal
J Thorac Dis 5 Suppl 2:S132-41 (2013)
DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.42
Reference
PMID:20020828
  Authors
Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
  Title
Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
  Journal
Future Microbiol 5:23-41 (2010)
DOI:10.2217/fmb.09.108
Reference
PMID:21698289
  Authors
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
  Title
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e20215 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0020215
Reference
PMID:19782761
  Authors
Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
  Title
Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 12:81-7 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.007
Reference
PMID:23170167
  Authors
van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
  Title
Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
  Journal
Viruses 4:1438-76 (2012)
DOI:10.3390/v4091438
Reference
PMID:30487536
  Authors
Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
  Title
Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 17:67-81 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41579-018-0115-z
Reference
PMID:29556226
  Authors
Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
  Title
Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:320 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00320
Reference
PMID:20130137
  Authors
Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
  Title
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 91:1439-49 (2010)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.018465-0
Reference
PMID:18980544
  Authors
Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
  Title
Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
  Journal
Expert Rev Vaccines 7:1435-45 (2008)
DOI:10.1586/14760584.7.9.1435
Reference
PMID:27231932
  Authors
Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
  Title
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
  Journal
Viruses 8:E152 (2016)
DOI:10.3390/v8060152
Reference
PMID:30510918
  Authors
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
  Title
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:396 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396
Reference
PMID:21971186
  Authors
Varga ZT, Palese P
  Title
The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
  Journal
Virulence 2:542-6 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/viru.2.6.17812
Reference
PMID:30254192
  Authors
Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
  Title
The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
  Journal
Cell Death Dis 9:1002 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-1035-6
Reference
PMID:30545063
  Authors
Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
  Title
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 10:E708 (2018)
DOI:10.3390/v10120708
Reference
PMID:21253874
  Authors
Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
  Title
Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
  Journal
Sci China Life Sci 54:68-74 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s11427-010-4116-z
Reference
PMID:26008706
  Authors
Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
  Title
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 7:2668-82 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/v7052668
Reference
PMID:30079062
  Authors
Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
  Title
Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:1581 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01581
Reference
PMID:23236273
  Authors
Paterson D, Fodor E
  Title
Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
  Journal
PLoS Pathog 8:e1003019 (2012)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003019
Related
pathway
oro00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
oro03013  Nucleocytoplasmic transport
oro03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
oro04010  MAPK signaling pathway
oro04110  Cell cycle
oro04144  Endocytosis
oro04210  Apoptosis
oro04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
oro04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
oro04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
oro04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
oro05416  Viral myocarditis
KO pathway
ko05164   
LinkDB

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