KEGG   PATHWAY: pale05161
Entry
pale05161                   Pathway                                
Name
Hepatitis B - Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)
Description
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and converted into a covalently closed circular molecule cccDNA. The cccDNA is the template for transcription of all viral RNAs including the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), encoding for 7 viral proteins: large, middle, and small envelope proteins (LHBs, MHBs, and SHBs) that form the surface antigen (HBsAg), the core antigen (HBcAg), the e antigen (HBeAg), the HBV polymerase, and the regulatory protein X (HBx). The pgRNA interacts with the viral polymerase protein to initiate the encapsidation into the core particles. Through endoplasmic reticulum, the core particles finish assembling with the envelope proteins and are released. HBV infection leads to a wide spectrum of liver diseases raging from chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanism of liver injury is still not clear. However, HBV proteins target host proteins, involved in a variety of functions, thus regulating transcription, cellular signaling cascades, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
pale05161  Hepatitis B
pale05161

Organism
Pteropus alecto (black flying fox) [GN:pale]
Gene
102887886  HSPG2; basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein [KO:K06255]
102895595  SLC10A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/bile acid cotransporter [KO:K14341]
102884154  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375]
102881295  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K13376]
102893304  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
102880759  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
102889618  TGFBR2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
102895268  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
102894049  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
102885064  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102890689  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102892777  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102895524  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
102882726  EGR2; E3 SUMO-protein ligase EGR2 [KO:K12496]
102879121  EGR3; early growth response protein 3 [KO:K12497]
102886172  CREBBP; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102881042  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102883204  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
102897514  DDB1; DNA damage-binding protein 1 [KO:K10610]
102879479  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10140]
102886741  MAP3K1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04416] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102880620  YWHAB; 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha [KO:K16197]
102894826  YWHAQ; 14-3-3 protein theta [KO:K16197]
102893263  YWHAZ; 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta [KO:K16197]
102894945  MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X3 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102889227  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102880320  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102889576  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102879163  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102891637  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
102879453  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102885144  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102879337  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102898305  AKT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102879469  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102893261  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102880203  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
102891056  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
102880692  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102878395  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
102889517  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
102896443  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
102877892  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
102879561  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X5 [KO:K04390]
102892511  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
102878181  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102877929  CASP10; caspase-10 isoform X3 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
102887379  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X3 [KO:K04726]
102885135  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
102897687  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
102879159  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102893036  cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
102878565  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102897289  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102894880  caspase-12-like [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102888083  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
102889604  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
102890664  CCNA1; cyclin-A1 [KO:K06627]
102894080  CCNA2; cyclin-A2 [KO:K06627]
102893397  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102882411  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
102882260  CCNE1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
102893019  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
102895276  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
102884459  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
102887239  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
102891300  ATP6AP1; V-type proton ATPase subunit S1 [KO:K03662]
102887078  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102880663  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102888961  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102880857  NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446]
102886274  NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332]
102884312  NFATC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 [KO:K17333]
102888827  NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334]
102887632  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
102880365  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 isoform X1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102882079  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102898620  JAK3; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 [KO:K11218] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102895629  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102884374  STAT3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692]
102886603  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
102879640  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
102886854  STAT4; signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 [KO:K11222]
102884638  signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A [KO:K11223]
102884882  signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224]
102885160  STAT6; signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11225]
102892527  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
102886432  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102891249  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102878822  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364]
102882462  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
102889597  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
102896270  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X3 [KO:K02833]
102895590  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
102885950  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X2 [KO:K07828]
102896121  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
102886521  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
102889014  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
102888198  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
102878515  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
102894633  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102882888  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102886510  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102879289  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
102896553  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
102884583  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
102898128  ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X3 [KO:K09049]
102892534  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
102890018  PCNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
102877877  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102878393  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102893439  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102897122  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102879034  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102895390  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102885749  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102891428  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
102878877  ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04375]
102893057  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159]
102890488  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
102879591  TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein isoform X1 [KO:K05403]
102897365  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
102880867  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102894152  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102886476  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102882572  TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403]
102898592  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]
102882452  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102895746  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
102886389  MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102888822  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102895900  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102888602  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102888845  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102877720  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102892533  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102884078  TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409]
102882731  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 precursor [KO:K05401]
102896235  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
102881037  DDX58; probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102888688  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102892463  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X1 [KO:K12648]
102881091  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174]
102889768  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102878859  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102882236  DDX3X; ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X isoform X1 [KO:K11594] [EC:5.6.2.7]
102898455  ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X [KO:K11594] [EC:5.6.2.7]
102878862  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05411]
102897349  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447]
102893886  interferon alpha-1 [KO:K05414]
102890009  interferon alpha-4 [KO:K05414]
102890512  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
102892040  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
Reference
PMID:30059722
  Authors
Caballero A, Tabernero D, Buti M, Rodriguez-Frias F
  Title
Hepatitis B virus: The challenge of an ancient virus with multiple faces and a remarkable replication strategy.
  Journal
Antiviral Res 158:34-44 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.019
Reference
PMID:22869468
  Authors
Walsh R, Locarnini S
  Title
Hepatitis B precore protein: pathogenic potential and therapeutic promise.
  Journal
Yonsei Med J 53:875-85 (2012)
DOI:10.3349/ymj.2012.53.5.875
Reference
PMID:26239691
  Authors
Liang TJ, Block TM, McMahon BJ, Ghany MG, Urban S, Guo JT, Locarnini S, Zoulim F, Chang KM, Lok AS
  Title
Present and future therapies of hepatitis B: From discovery to cure.
  Journal
Hepatology 62:1893-908 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/hep.28025
Reference
PMID:26776362
  Authors
Morikawa K, Suda G, Sakamoto N
  Title
Viral life cycle of hepatitis B virus: Host factors and druggable targets.
  Journal
Hepatol Res 46:871-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/hepr.12650
Reference
PMID:19201080
  Authors
Feitelson MA, Reis HM, Tufan NL, Sun B, Pan J, Lian Z
  Title
Putative roles of hepatitis B x antigen in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 286:69-79 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.12.010
Reference
PMID:19263472
  Authors
Murata M, Matsuzaki K, Yoshida K, Sekimoto G, Tahashi Y, Mori S, Uemura Y, Sakaida N, Fujisawa J, Seki T, Kobayashi K, Yokote K, Koike K, Okazaki K
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein shifts human hepatic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling from tumor suppression to oncogenesis in early chronic hepatitis B.
  Journal
Hepatology 49:1203-17 (2009)
DOI:10.1002/hep.22765
Reference
PMID:15173177
  Authors
Yoo YG, Lee MO
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein induces expression of Fas ligand gene through enhancing transcriptional activity of early growth response factor.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:36242-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M401290200
Reference
PMID:16459163
  Authors
Zhang X, Zhang H, Ye L
  Title
Effects of hepatitis B virus X protein on the development of liver cancer.
  Journal
J Lab Clin Med 147:58-66 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.lab.2005.10.003
Reference
PMID:19854353
  Authors
Benhenda S, Cougot D, Buendia MA, Neuveut C
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein molecular functions and its role in virus life cycle and pathogenesis.
  Journal
Adv Cancer Res 103:75-109 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-230X(09)03004-8
Reference
PMID:21994562
  Authors
Benhenda S, Cougot D, Neuveut C, Buendia MA
  Title
Liver cell transformation in chronic HBV infection.
  Journal
Viruses 1:630-46 (2009)
DOI:10.3390/v1030630
Reference
PMID:11099494
  Authors
Diao J, Khine AA, Sarangi F, Hsu E, Iorio C, Tibbles LA, Woodgett JR, Penninger J, Richardson CD
  Title
X protein of hepatitis B virus inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis and is associated with up-regulation of the SAPK/JNK pathway.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:8328-40 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M006026200
Reference
PMID:16891440
  Authors
Park NH, Song IH, Chung YH
  Title
Chronic hepatitis B in hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
Postgrad Med J 82:507-15 (2006)
DOI:10.1136/pgmj.2006.047431
Reference
PMID:28820498
  Authors
Lin S, Zhang YJ
  Title
Interference of Apoptosis by Hepatitis B Virus.
  Journal
Viruses 9:E230 (2017)
DOI:10.3390/v9080230
Reference
PMID:16173017
  Authors
Zhang X, Dong N, Yin L, Cai N, Ma H, You J, Zhang H, Wang H, He R, Ye L
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein upregulates survivin expression in hepatoma tissues.
  Journal
J Med Virol 77:374-81 (2005)
DOI:10.1002/jmv.20466
Reference
PMID:18481805
  Authors
Kim HJ, Kim SY, Kim J, Lee H, Choi M, Kim JK, Ahn JK
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein induces apoptosis by enhancing translocation of Bax to mitochondria.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 60:473-80 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/iub.68
Reference
PMID:21647825
  Authors
Ng SA, Lee C
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X gene and hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
J Gastroenterol 46:974-90 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s00535-011-0415-9
Reference
PMID:9195957
  Authors
Cong YS, Yao YL, Yang WM, Kuzhandaivelu N, Seto E
  Title
The hepatitis B virus X-associated protein, XAP3, is a protein kinase C-binding protein.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 272:16482-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.26.16482
Reference
PMID:12686421
  Authors
Panteva M, Korkaya H, Jameel S
  Title
Hepatitis viruses and the MAPK pathway: is this a survival strategy?
  Journal
Virus Res 92:131-40 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00356-8
Reference
PMID:9738022
  Authors
Lee YH, Yun Y
  Title
HBx protein of hepatitis B virus activates Jak1-STAT signaling.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:25510-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.39.25510
Reference
PMID:18251977
  Authors
Tan A, Yeh SH, Liu CJ, Cheung C, Chen PJ
  Title
Viral hepatocarcinogenesis: from infection to cancer.
  Journal
Liver Int 28:175-88 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01652.x
Reference
PMID:17059849
  Authors
Chami M, Oules B, Paterlini-Brechot P
  Title
Cytobiological consequences of calcium-signaling alterations induced by human viral proteins.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1763:1344-62 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.09.025
Reference
PMID:11743185
  Authors
Ganem D
  Title
Virology. The X files--one step closer to closure.
  Journal
Science 294:2299-300 (2001)
DOI:10.1126/science.1067850
Reference
PMID:15132991
  Authors
Chung TW, Lee YC, Kim CH
  Title
Hepatitis B viral HBx induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression through activation of ERK and PI-3K/AKT pathways: involvement of invasive potential.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:1123-5 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-1429fje
Reference
PMID:18605975
  Authors
Gurtsevitch VE
  Title
Human oncogenic viruses: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and their role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 73:504-13 (2008)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297908050039
Reference
PMID:21994545
  Authors
Schadler S, Hildt E
  Title
HBV life cycle: entry and morphogenesis.
  Journal
Viruses 1:185-209 (2009)
DOI:10.3390/v1020185
Reference
PMID:28862649
  Authors
Ortega-Prieto AM, Dorner M
  Title
Immune Evasion Strategies during Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection.
  Journal
Vaccines (Basel) 5:E24 (2017)
DOI:10.3390/vaccines5030024
Reference
PMID:28704708
  Authors
Nosratabadi R, Alavian SM, Zare-Bidaki M, Shahrokhi VM, Arababadi MK
  Title
Innate immunity related pathogen recognition receptors and chronic hepatitis B infection.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 90:64-73 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2017.07.002
Reference
PMID:24530748
  Authors
Bagheri V, Askari A, Arababadi MK, Kennedy D
  Title
Can Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 be considered as a new target for immunotherapy against hepatitis B infection?
  Journal
Hum Immunol 75:549-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2014.02.018
Reference
PMID:25550115
  Authors
Zhang E, Lu M
  Title
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune responses in the control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  Journal
Med Microbiol Immunol 204:11-20 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00430-014-0370-1
Reference
PMID:20375222
  Authors
Yu S, Chen J, Wu M, Chen H, Kato N, Yuan Z
  Title
Hepatitis B virus polymerase inhibits RIG-I- and Toll-like receptor 3-mediated beta interferon induction in human hepatocytes through interference with interferon regulatory factor 3 activation and dampening of the interaction between TBK1/IKKepsilon and DDX3.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 91:2080-90 (2010)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.020552-0
Reference
PMID:23363957
  Authors
Revill P, Yuan Z
  Title
New insights into how HBV manipulates the innate immune response to establish acute and persistent infection.
  Journal
Antivir Ther 18:1-15 (2013)
DOI:10.3851/IMP2542
Reference
PMID:28893934
  Authors
Hopcraft SE, Damania B
  Title
Tumour viruses and innate immunity.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 372:20160267 (2017)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.2016.0267
Reference
PMID:22504921
  Authors
Dandri M, Locarnini S
  Title
New insight in the pathobiology of hepatitis B virus infection.
  Journal
Gut 61 Suppl 1:i6-17 (2012)
DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302056
Related
pathway
pale04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pale04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
pale04110  Cell cycle
pale04115  p53 signaling pathway
pale04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
pale04210  Apoptosis
pale04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
pale04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
pale04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05161   
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