KEGG   PATHWAY: pale05225
Entry
pale05225                   Pathway                                
Name
Hepatocellular carcinoma - Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)
Description
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major type of primary liver cancer and one of the rare human neoplasms etiologically linked to viral factors. It has been shown that, after HBV/HCV infection and alcohol or aflatoxin B1 exposure, genetic and epigenetic changes occur. The recurrent mutated genes were found to be highly enriched in multiple key driver signaling processes, including telomere maintenance, TP53, cell cycle regulation, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (CTNNB1 and AXIN1), the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Recent studies using whole-exome sequencing have revealed recurrent mutations in new driver genes involved in the chromatin remodelling (ARID1A and ARID2) and the oxidative stress (NFE2L2) pathways.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
pale05225  Hepatocellular carcinoma
pale05225

Organism
Pteropus alecto (black flying fox) [GN:pale]
Gene
102887662  TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08774]
102893495  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102880410  IGF2; insulin-like growth factor II [KO:K13769]
102885962  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102896228  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102883128  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102887078  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102880663  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102888961  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102878877  ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04375]
102894443  SHC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 1 [KO:K06279]
102885958  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
102879956  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
102888926  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
102878822  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364]
102882462  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
102889597  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
102896270  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X3 [KO:K02833]
102895590  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
102885950  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X2 [KO:K07828]
102877877  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102878393  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102893439  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102897122  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102879034  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102895390  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102885749  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102889227  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102880320  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102889576  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102879163  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102891637  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
102879453  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102881949  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
102885144  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102879337  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102898305  AKT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102885092  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102891214  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102889369  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102877892  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
102887704  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102895524  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
102893019  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
102895276  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
102884459  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
102887239  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
102895256  TERT; telomerase reverse transcriptase [KO:K11126] [EC:2.7.7.49]
102889604  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
102894049  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
102886440  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
102878191  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
102885790  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
102885135  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
102883540  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
102879479  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10140]
102890888  POLK; DNA polymerase kappa isoform X1 [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
102896422  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A [KO:K06621]
102894222  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102896272  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102885330  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
102884154  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375]
102881295  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K13376]
102893304  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
102880759  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
102889618  TGFBR2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
102893928  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500]
102895268  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
102886521  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
102888016  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
102880959  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
102885080  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
102895795  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
102877979  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
102888866  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
102890342  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X5 [KO:K00444]
102881682  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b isoform X2 [KO:K00444]
102882368  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 isoform X1 [KO:K00445]
102888597  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
102898026  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
102896480  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
102878209  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
102885223  protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
102884543  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
102882121  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
102888263  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
102877879  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
102882050  WNT16; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
102880538  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
102895634  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
102884150  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
102890038  FZD3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
102892989  FZD4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
102877864  FZD8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
102883426  FZD5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
102890002  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
102894135  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
102878169  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
102894479  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 [KO:K03068]
102878233  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068]
102895469  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102880039  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102881158  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102896339  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
102882441  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X4 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102878657  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
102885831  AXIN2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
102880260  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X3 [KO:K02085]
102891886  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
102880017  CTNNB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
102884974  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X3 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102885788  TCF7; transcription factor 7 isoform X4 [KO:K02620]
102886093  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 [KO:K04490]
102880370  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04491]
102886933  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
102894870  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
102892042  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
102880347  HMOX1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
102889138  NQO1; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 [KO:K00355] [EC:1.6.5.2]
102885225  MGST2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102886852  GSTO2; glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102887110  GSTO1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102887332  MGST1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102891202  MGST3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102891351  GSTA4; glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102897012  glutathione S-transferase A3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102883042  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102883292  glutathione S-transferase theta-3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102893685  GSTM4; glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 isoform X3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102894088  glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102891589  glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
107195441  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102882795  glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102889068  glutathione S-transferase P isoform X2 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102896271  glutathione S-transferase P [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102887506  TXNRD1; thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
102894141  TXNRD3; thioredoxin reductase 3 [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
102890334  TXNRD2; thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
102884470  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
102885990  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102881252  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X6 [KO:K09593]
102884158  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
102884469  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
102896269  actin-like protein 6A [KO:K11340]
102896523  actin-like protein 6A [KO:K11340]
102883939  ACTL6B; actin-like protein 6B [KO:K11652]
102898178  SMARCD2; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 [KO:K11650]
102889848  SMARCD3; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11650]
102881039  SMARCD1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 [KO:K11650]
102881131  PHF10; PHD finger protein 10 isoform X1 [KO:K22197]
102888819  DPF1; zinc finger protein neuro-d4 isoform X2 [KO:K22198]
102882191  DPF3; zinc finger protein DPF3 [KO:K22198]
102890374  ARID1A; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K11653]
102885261  ARID1B; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B isoform X1 [KO:K11653]
102878867  SMARCE1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 isoform X3 [KO:K11651]
102881630  SMARCB1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11648]
102898574  SMARCC2; SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC2 [KO:K11649]
102894909  SMARCC1; SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1 [KO:K11649]
102889041  SMARCA4; transcription activator BRG1 isoform X2 [KO:K11647] [EC:5.6.2.-]
102878751  ARID2; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11765]
102895944  PBRM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein polybromo-1 [KO:K11757]
102881366  BRD7; bromodomain-containing protein 7 [KO:K11723]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01471  Acrolein
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06793  Vinyl chloride
C06800  Aflatoxin B1
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C21641  Hydroperoxyl radical
C21642  4-Hydroxynonenal
Reference
PMID:20639898
  Authors
Whittaker S, Marais R, Zhu AX
  Title
The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Oncogene 29:4989-5005 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/onc.2010.236
Reference
PMID:26099527
  Authors
Zucman-Rossi J, Villanueva A, Nault JC, Llovet JM
  Title
Genetic Landscape and Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 149:1226-1239.e4 (2015)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.061
Reference
PMID:17295177
  Authors
Villanueva A, Newell P, Chiang DY, Friedman SL, Llovet JM.
  Title
Genomics and signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Semin Liver Dis 27:55-76 (2007)
DOI:10.1055/s-2006-960171
Reference
PMID:16799620
  Authors
Breuhahn K, Longerich T, Schirmacher P
  Title
Dysregulation of growth factor signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Oncogene 25:3787-800 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209556
Reference
PMID:19387255
  Authors
Minguez B, Tovar V, Chiang D, Villanueva A, Llovet JM
  Title
Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and molecular therapies.
  Journal
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25:186-94 (2009)
DOI:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832962a1
Reference
PMID:21829020
  Authors
Kudo M
  Title
Signaling pathway and molecular-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Dig Dis 29:289-302 (2011)
DOI:10.1159/000327562
Reference
PMID:23994386
  Authors
Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J
  Title
Genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma: the next generation.
  Journal
J Hepatol 60:224-6 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.019
Reference
PMID:11935086
  Authors
Rocken C, Carl-McGrath S.
  Title
Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Dig Dis 19:269-78 (2001)
DOI:10.1159/000050693
Reference
PMID:21303380
  Authors
Cornella H, Alsinet C, Villanueva A
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35:821-5 (2011)
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01406.x
Reference
PMID:27895396
  Authors
Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang WH
  Title
Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 22:9069-9095 (2016)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9069
Reference
PMID:11956813
  Authors
Tannapfel A, Wittekind C
  Title
Genes involved in hepatocellular carcinoma: deregulation in cell cycling and apoptosis.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 440:345-52 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-002-0617-x
Reference
PMID:23426905
  Authors
Shiraha H, Yamamoto K, Namba M
  Title
Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (review).
  Journal
Int J Oncol 42:1133-8 (2013)
DOI:10.3892/ijo.2013.1829
Reference
PMID:23887712
  Authors
Nault JC, Mallet M, Pilati C, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Laurent C, Laurent A, Cherqui D, Balabaud C, Zucman-Rossi J
  Title
High frequency of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions.
  Journal
Nat Commun 4:2218 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms3218
Reference
PMID:22561517
  Authors
Guichard C, Amaddeo G, Imbeaud S, Ladeiro Y, Pelletier L, Maad IB, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Letexier M, Degos F, Clement B, Balabaud C, Chevet E, Laurent A, Couchy G, Letouze E, Calvo F, Zucman-Rossi J
  Title
Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Nat Genet 44:694-8 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ng.2256
Reference
  Authors
Praslicka BJ, Kerins MJ, Ooi A
  Title
The complex role of NRF2 in cancer: a genomic view
  Journal
Curr Opin Toxicol 1:37-45 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cotox.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:24024136
  Authors
Kansanen E, Kuosmanen SM, Leinonen H, Levonen AL
  Title
The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: Mechanisms of activation and dysregulation in cancer.
  Journal
Redox Biol 1:45-9 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2012.10.001
Reference
PMID:21251164
  Authors
Taguchi K, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution.
  Journal
Genes Cells 16:123-40 (2011)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2010.01473.x
Reference
PMID:20019356
  Authors
Klaunig JE, Kamendulis LM, Hocevar BA
  Title
Oxidative stress and oxidative damage in carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Toxicol Pathol 38:96-109 (2010)
DOI:10.1177/0192623309356453
Reference
PMID:11193292
  Authors
Krupp G, Bonatz G, Parwaresch R
  Title
Telomerase, immortality and cancer.
  Journal
Biotechnol Annu Rev 6:103-40 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S1387-2656(00)06020-8
Reference
PMID:27323951
  Authors
Jafri MA, Ansari SA, Alqahtani MH, Shay JW
  Title
Roles of telomeres and telomerase in cancer, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapies.
  Journal
Genome Med 8:69 (2016)
DOI:10.1186/s13073-016-0324-x
Reference
PMID:27029895
  Authors
Shay JW
  Title
Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Aging and Cancer.
  Journal
Cancer Discov 6:584-93 (2016)
DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0062
Reference
PMID:27508192
  Authors
Granito A, Guidetti E, Gramantieri L
  Title
c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase as a molecular target in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2:29-38 (2015)
DOI:10.2147/JHC.S77038
Reference
PMID:16934487
  Authors
Vita M, Henriksson M
  Title
The Myc oncoprotein as a therapeutic target for human cancer.
  Journal
Semin Cancer Biol 16:318-30 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.07.015
Reference
PMID:24096051
  Authors
Qu A, Jiang C, Cai Y, Kim JH, Tanaka N, Ward JM, Shah YM, Gonzalez FJ
  Title
Role of Myc in hepatocellular proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
J Hepatol 60:331-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.024
Related
pathway
pale04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pale04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pale04110  Cell cycle
pale04115  p53 signaling pathway
pale04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
pale04310  Wnt signaling pathway
pale04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
pale04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
pale04936  Alcoholic liver disease
pale05160  Hepatitis C
pale05161  Hepatitis B
KO pathway
ko05225   
LinkDB

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