Entry
Name
Colorectal cancer - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in defined oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes (TSG). Two major mechanisms of genomic instability have been identified in sporadic CRC progression. The first, known as chromosomal instability (CIN), results from a series of genetic changes that involve the activation of oncogenes such as K-ras and inactivation of TSG such as p53, DCC/Smad4, and APC. The second, known as microsatellite instability (MSI), results from inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1 and/or MSH2 by hypermethylation of their promoter, and secondary mutation of genes with coding microsatellites, such as transforming growth factor receptor II (TGF-RII) and BAX. Hereditary syndromes have germline mutations in specific genes (mutation in the tumour suppressor gene APC on chromosome 5q in FAP, mutated DNA mismatch repair genes in HNPCC).
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:
rno ]
Gene
24205 Apc; adenomatous polyposis coli protein [KO:K02085 ]
299611 Apc2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085 ]
64041 Birc5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731 ]
85243 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
170911 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
366508 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
134484121 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
25513 Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
60664 Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
29741 Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
64639 Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
58960 Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
29622 Ralgds; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform 1 [KO:K08732 ]
363875 Rac1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
366957 Rac2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860 ]
688319 Rac3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 [KO:K07861 ]
297173 RSA-14-44; ras homolog gene family, member A [KO:K04513 ]
59086 Tgfb1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein precursor [KO:K13375 ]
81809 Tgfb2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein precursor [KO:K13376 ]
25717 Tgfb3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein preproprotein [KO:K13377 ]
29357 Smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500 ]
25631 Smad3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605 ]
50554 Smad4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501 ]
81685 Mlh1; DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh1 [KO:K08734 ]
81709 Msh2; DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 [KO:K08735 ]
492821 Pmaip1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131 ]
114851 Cdkn1a; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625 ]
25112 Gadd45a; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402 ]
291005 Gadd45g; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402 ]
299626 Gadd45b; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402 ]
25313 Egf; pro-epidermal growth factor precursor [KO:K04357 ]
24827 Tgfa; protransforming growth factor alpha preproprotein [KO:K08774 ]
81504 Grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
367858 Hrasl1; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase like 1 [KO:K02833 ]
Compound
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Grady WM.
Title
Genomic instability and colon cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Soreide K, Janssen EA, Soiland H, Korner H, Baak JP.
Title
Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Anwar S, Hall C, White J, Deakin M, Farrell W, Elder JB.
Title
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: an updated review.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takayama T, Miyanishi K, Hayashi T, Sato Y, Niitsu Y.
Title
Colorectal cancer: genetics of development and metastasis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lynch HT, de la Chapelle A.
Title
Hereditary colorectal cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rajagopalan H, Nowak MA, Vogelstein B, Lengauer C.
Title
The significance of unstable chromosomes in colorectal cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Behrens J.
Title
Cadherins and catenins: role in signal transduction and tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Behrens J.
Title
The role of the Wnt signalling pathway in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Behrens J, Lustig B.
Title
The Wnt connection to tumorigenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Polakis P.
Title
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Janssen KP.
Title
Murine models of colorectal cancer: studying the role of oncogenic K-ras.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Adjei AA.
Title
Blocking oncogenic Ras signaling for cancer therapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arakawa H.
Title
Netrin-1 and its receptors in tumorigenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mehlen P, Fearon ER.
Title
Role of the dependence receptor DCC in colorectal cancer pathogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Peltomaki P.
Title
DNA mismatch repair and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li F, Cao Y, Townsend CM Jr, Ko TC.
Title
TGF-beta signaling in colon cancer cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roman C, Saha D, Beauchamp R.
Title
TGF-beta and colorectal carcinogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Watson AJ.
Title
An overview of apoptosis and the prevention of colorectal cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Watson AJ.
Title
Apoptosis and colorectal cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Houlston RS.
Title
What we could do now: molecular pathology of colorectal cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hector S, Prehn JH
Title
Apoptosis signaling proteins as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: a review.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
Title
Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang D, Xia D, Dubois RN
Title
The Crosstalk of PTGS2 and EGF Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dasari A, Messersmith WA
Title
New strategies in colorectal cancer: biomarkers of response to epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies and potential therapeutic targets in phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchinson RA, Adams RA, McArt DG, Salto-Tellez M, Jasani B, Hamilton PW
Title
Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry: new opportunities in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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