KEGG   PATHWAY: vvp04721
Entry
vvp04721                    Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
vvp04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
vvp04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Vulpes vulpes (red fox) [GN:vvp]
Gene
112928131  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
112916463  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
112925441  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
112917461  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
112930695  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
112931290  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
112934720  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
112914876  SYT1; synaptotagmin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K15290]
112924870  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
112913091  RAB3A; ras-related protein Rab-3A [KO:K07882]
112914118  RIMS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 [KO:K15291]
112935702  STX1A; syntaxin-1A [KO:K04560]
112933822  STX2; syntaxin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
112929348  STX1B; syntaxin-1B [KO:K08486]
112935046  STX3; syntaxin-3 [KO:K08486]
112927905  STXBP1; syntaxin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15292]
112917048  UNC13C; protein unc-13 homolog C [KO:K15293]
112930856  UNC13B; protein unc-13 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K15293]
112913175  UNC13A; protein unc-13 homolog A [KO:K15293]
112930049  SNAP25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K18211]
112918759  CPLX1; complexin-1 [KO:K15294]
112919219  CPLX4; complexin-4 [KO:K15295]
112908920  CPLX3; complexin-3 [KO:K15295]
112908114  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
112911427  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
112920684  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
112931247  NAPA; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein isoform X1 [KO:K15296]
112927931  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
112921874  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
112908059  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
112930753  CLTA; clathrin light chain A isoform X1 [KO:K04644]
112925894  CLTB; clathrin light chain B isoform X1 [KO:K04645]
112907530  CLTCL1; clathrin heavy chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
112918147  CLTC; clathrin heavy chain 1 [KO:K04646]
112924127  AP2A2; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
112931460  AP2A1; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
112917984  AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11825]
112926257  AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu [KO:K11826]
112931354  AP2S1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma [KO:K11827]
112913438  ATP6V1A; V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
112925545  ATP6V1B2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
112934393  ATP6V1B1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
112927715  ATP6V1C2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
112916989  ATP6V1C1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148]
112927183  ATP6V1D; V-type proton ATPase subunit D [KO:K02149]
112915335  ATP6V1E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 [KO:K02150]
112917436  ATP6V1E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 [KO:K02150]
112928913  ATP6V1F; V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
112914591  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
112913590  ATP6V1G2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 [KO:K02152]
112922995  ATP6V1G1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
112934504  ATP6V1G3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152]
112916234  ATP6V0E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
112926116  ATP6V0E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
112933819  ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a [KO:K02154]
112910758  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
112907020  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
112924169  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a [KO:K02154]
112929420  ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146]
112932005  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02146]
112929352  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
112909098  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K02155]
112914818  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K03661]
112933741  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
112929593  SLC6A2; sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter [KO:K05035]
112935444  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
112933137  SLC6A4; sodium-dependent serotonin transporter [KO:K05037]
112914814  SLC6A9; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05038]
112934728  SLC6A5; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038]
112927349  SLC6A7; sodium-dependent proline transporter [KO:K05040]
112917403  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05045]
112917405  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
112922078  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
112930436  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K05613]
112933531  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K05614]
112913151  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617]
112926123  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
vvp04144  Endocytosis
vvp04724  Glutamatergic synapse
vvp04725  Cholinergic synapse
vvp04726  Serotonergic synapse
vvp04727  GABAergic synapse
vvp04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   
LinkDB

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