Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Zalophus californianus (California sea lion)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
zca05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Zalophus californianus (California sea lion) [GN:
zca ]
Gene
113924761 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
113917022 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
113918898 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
113928897 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
113917179 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
113911688 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
113924910 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
113933743 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07205 ]
113912763 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07205 ]
113924180 IKBKB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209 ] [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
113924266 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
113939579 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364 ]
113922696 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
113908122 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
113929903 STING1; stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform X1 [KO:K12654 ]
113922015 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
113935781 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171 ]
113939549 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
113933707 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
113910568 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04537 ]
113930871 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04537 ]
113921349 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825 ]
113917860 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
113910139 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
113910148 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
113914021 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
113923917 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
113920778 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
113938552 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
113916388 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
113936668 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
113934076 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
113924224 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
118356752 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
113921542 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
113911303 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
113925046 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11-like [KO:K04546 ]
113908830 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11-like [KO:K04546 ]
113916979 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
113933485 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04547 ]
113911302 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
113939476 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
113934691 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
113917830 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
113937245 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
113909205 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
113937989 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
113918169 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
113921922 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
113927035 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
113923011 CALML3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183 ]
113910547 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
113924138 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
113924414 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
113919467 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
113926172 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
113938162 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
113935527 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
113910134 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
113930637 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
113917448 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
113911420 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
113935890 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
113933210 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
113939205 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
113936356 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12330 ]
113931956 ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform X1 [KO:K12331 ]
113915523 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
113934232 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform X1 [KO:K04260 ]
113936966 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
113932706 IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05055 ]
113939486 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
113908216 MAP2K6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
113919503 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
113919173 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
113921771 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
113933699 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
113934022 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
113914325 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
113917002 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
113911293 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
113911563 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
113926300 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
113936040 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
113914150 IL10RA; interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05134 ]
113926316 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
113927768 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
113926585 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
113915714 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113915700 DLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A9/A9 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113915741 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
118357226 DLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A9/A9 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
113931754 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
113921804 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
113931151 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: FAS-associated death domain protein-like [KO:K02373 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
zca04612 Antigen processing and presentation
zca04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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