KEGG   MODULE: M00129
Entry
M00129            Pathway   Module                                 
Name
Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate
Definition
K00963 K00012 K00699 K01195 K00002 K01053 K00103
Diagram
M00129  Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate
M00129

Class
Pathway modules; Carbohydrate metabolism; Other carbohydrate metabolism
Pathway
map00040  Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
map00053  Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
map01240  Biosynthesis of cofactors
map01100  Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K00963  
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.9] [RN:R00289]
K00012  
UDPglucose 6-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.22] [RN:R00286]
K00699  
glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.17] [RN:R01383]
K01195  
beta-glucuronidase [EC:3.2.1.31] [RN:R01478]
K00002  
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.2] [RN:R01481]
K01053  
gluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.17] [RN:R02933]
K00103  
L-gulonolactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.8] [RN:R03184 R10053]
Complete
mmur  Microcebus murinus (gray mouse lemur)
lcat  Lemur catta (Ring-tailed lemur)
pcoq  Propithecus coquereli (Coquerel's sifaka)
oga  Otolemur garnettii (small-eared galago)
mmu  Mus musculus (house mouse)
mcal  Mus caroli (Ryukyu mouse)
mpah  Mus pahari (shrew mouse)
rno  Rattus norvegicus (rat)
mcoc  Mastomys coucha (southern multimammate mouse)
anu  Arvicanthis niloticus (African grass rat)
asyl  Apodemus sylvaticus (European woodmouse)
mun  Meriones unguiculatus (Mongolian gerbil)
cge  Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)
maua  Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster)
prob  Phodopus roborovskii (desert hamster)
pleu  Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse)
morg  Microtus oregoni (creeping vole)
mfot  Alexandromys fortis (reed vole)
aamp  Arvicola amphibius (Eurasian water vole)
ngi  Nannospalax galili (Upper Galilee mountains blind mole rat)
hgl  Heterocephalus glaber (naked mole-rat)
cpoc  Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)
ccan  Castor canadensis (American beaver)
dord  Dipodomys ordii (Ord's kangaroo rat)
dsp  Dipodomys spectabilis (banner-tailed kangaroo rat)
dmer  Dipodomys merriami (Merriam's kangaroo rat)
plop  Perognathus longimembris pacificus (Pacific pocket mouse)
ncar  Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel)
mmma  Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot)
iti  Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
ocu  Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)
opi  Ochotona princeps (American pika)
ocz  Ochotona curzoniae (black-lipped pika)
tup  Tupaia chinensis (Chinese tree shrew)
gvr  Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur)
cfa  Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
clud  Canis lupus dingo (dingo)
vvp  Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
vlg  Vulpes lagopus (Arctic fox)
npo  Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog)
aml  Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda)
umr  Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
uar  Ursus americanus (American black bear)
elk  Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter)
llv  Lutra lutra (Eurasian river otter)
mpuf  Mustela putorius furo (domestic ferret)
mnp  Mustela nigripes (black-footed ferret)
mlk  Mustela lutreola (European mink)
nvs  Neogale vison (American mink)
oro  Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
eju  Eumetopias jubatus (Steller sea lion)
zca  Zalophus californianus (California sea lion)
mlx  Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
nsu  Neomonachus schauinslandi (Hawaiian monk seal)
lww  Leptonychotes weddellii (Weddell seal)
fca  Felis catus (domestic cat)
pyu  Herpailurus yagouaroundi (jaguarundi)
pcoo  Puma concolor (puma)
pbg  Prionailurus bengalensis (leopard cat)
pviv  Prionailurus viverrinus (fishing cat)
lruf  Lynx rufus (bobcat)
lgf  Leopardus geoffroyi (Geoffroy's cat)
aju  Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
ptg  Panthera tigris altaica (Amur tiger)
ppad  Panthera pardus (leopard)
puc  Panthera uncia (snow leopard)
bta  Bos taurus (cow)
bom  Bos mutus (wild yak)
bbub  Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)
bbis  Bison bison bison (American bison)
chx  Capra hircus (goat)
oas  Ovis aries (sheep)
btax  Budorcas taxicolor (takin)
csum  Capricornis sumatraensis (Sumatran serow)
oda  Oryx dammah (scimitar-horned oryx)
ccad  Cervus canadensis (wapiti)
mree  Muntiacus reevesi (Reeves' muntjac)
ovr  Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer)
mbez  Moschus berezovskii (Chinese forest musk deer)
ssc  Sus scrofa (pig)
cfr  Camelus ferus (Wild Bactrian camel)
cbai  Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel)
cdk  Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel)
vpc  Vicugna pacos (alpaca)
bacu  Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni (minke whale)
bmus  Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale)
lve  Lipotes vexillifer (Yangtze River dolphin)
oor  Orcinus orca (killer whale)
lalb  Lagenorhynchus albirostris (white-beaked dolphin)
gmf  Globicephala melas (long-finned pilot whale)
ddp  Delphinus delphis (saddleback dolphin)
dle  Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale)
pcad  Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
psiu  Phocoena sinus (vaquita)
pphc  Phocoena phocoena (harbor porpoise)
nasi  Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis (Yangtze finless porpoise)
ecb  Equus caballus (horse)
epz  Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse)
eai  Equus asinus (ass)
ppam  Pteronotus mesoamericanus (Parnell's mustached bat)
hai  Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat)
rfq  Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (greater horseshoe bat)
pale  Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)
pgig  Pteropus vampyrus (Indian flying fox)
ray  Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)
mjv  Manis javanica (Malayan pangolin)
tod  Talpa occidentalis (Iberian mole)
sara  Sorex araneus (European shrew)
sfum  Sorex fumeus (smoky shrew)
setr  Suncus etruscus (white-toothed pygmy shrew)
lav  Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)
tmu  Trichechus manatus latirostris (Florida manatee)
etf  Echinops telfairi (small Madagascar hedgehog)
dnm  Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
mdo  Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum)
gas  Gracilinanus agilis (agile gracile opossum)
shr  Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
afz  Antechinus flavipes (yellow-footed antechinus)
pcw  Phascolarctos cinereus (koala)
tvp  Trichosurus vulpecula (common brushtail)
pbrv  Petaurus breviceps papuanus (sugar glider)
mlao  Macrotis lagotis (bilby)
oaa  Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus)
tacu  Tachyglossus aculeatus (Australian echidna)
gga  Gallus gallus (chicken)
pcoc  Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked pheasant)
mgp  Meleagris gallopavo (turkey)
cjo  Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail)
tpai  Tympanuchus pallidicinctus (lesser prairie-chicken)
lmut  Lagopus muta (rock ptarmigan)
nmel  Numida meleagris (helmeted guineafowl)
apla  Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
acyg  Anser cygnoides (swan goose)
cata  Cygnus atratus (black swan)
aful  Aythya fuligula (tufted duck)
tgu  Taeniopygia guttata (zebra finch)
lsr  Lonchura striata (white-rumped munia)
pmoa  Passer montanus (Eurasian tree sparrow)
otc  Onychostruthus taczanowskii (white-rumped snowfinch)
atrc  Agelaius tricolor (tricolored blackbird)
fab  Ficedula albicollis (collared flycatcher)
oma  Oenanthe melanoleuca (Eastern black-eared wheatear)
phi  Pseudopodoces humilis (Tibetan ground-tit)
ccae  Cyanistes caeruleus (blue tit)
cbrc  Corvus brachyrhynchos (American crow)
acoe  Aphelocoma coerulescens (scrub jay)
etl  Empidonax traillii (willow flycatcher)
zle  Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (white-crowned sparrow)
achl  Acanthisitta chloris (rifleman)
svg  Sturnus vulgaris (common starling)
ccic  Cinclus cinclus (white-throated dipper)
fpg  Falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon)
fch  Falco cherrug (Saker falcon)
shab  Strigops habroptila (Kakapo)
acun  Athene cunicularia (burrowing owl)
tala  Tyto alba (Barn owl)
achc  Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos (golden eagle)
hle  Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle)
agen  Astur gentilis (Northern goshawk)
hhar  Harpia harpyja (harpy eagle)
ldi  Leptosomus discolor (cuckoo roller)
dpub  Dryobates pubescens (Downy woodpecker)
ppus  Pogoniulus pusillus (red-fronted tinkerbird)
egz  Egretta garzetta (little egret)
nni  Nipponia nippon (crested ibis)
padl  Pygoscelis adeliae (Adelie penguin)
afor  Aptenodytes forsteri (emperor penguin)
cbor  Calonectris borealis (Cory's shearwater)
cboy  Ciconia boyciana (Oriental stork)
mame  Mycteria americana (wood stork)
clv  Columba livia (rock pigeon)
cnic  Caloenas nicobarica (Nicobar pigeon)
mui  Mesitornis unicolor (brown roatelo)
cuca  Cuculus canorus (common cuckoo)
teo  Tauraco erythrolophus (red-crested turaco)
breg  Balearica regulorum gibbericeps (East African grey crowned-crane)
oha  Opisthocomus hoazin (hoatzin)
acar  Antrostomus carolinensis (chuck-will's-widow)
cpea  Chaetura pelagica (chimney swift)
rtd  Rissa tridactyla (black-legged kittiwake)
crid  Chroicocephalus ridibundus (black-headed gull)
lmic  Larus michahellis (yellow-legged gull)
aam  Apteryx mantelli mantelli (North Island brown kiwi)
arow  Apteryx rowi (Okarito brown kiwi)
npd  Nothoprocta perdicaria (Chilean tinamou)
dne  Dromaius novaehollandiae (emu)
scam  Struthio camelus australis (South African ostrich)
asn  Alligator sinensis (Chinese alligator)
amj  Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator)
cpoo  Crocodylus porosus (Australian saltwater crocodile)
ggn  Gavialis gangeticus (Gharial)
pss  Pelodiscus sinensis (Chinese soft-shelled turtle)
ciz  Carettochelys insculpta (pitted-shelled turtle)
ccay  Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtle)
dcc  Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle)
cpic  Chrysemys picta (western painted turtle)
tst  Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider)
cabi  Chelonoidis abingdonii (Abingdon island giant tortoise)
mrv  Mauremys reevesii (Reeves's turtle)
asao  Anolis sagrei ordinatus (Brown anole)
pvt  Pogona vitticeps (central bearded dragon)
sund  Sceloporus undulatus (fence lizard)
pbi  Python bivittatus (Burmese python)
pmur  Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Taiwan habu)
tsr  Thamnophis sirtalis (common garter snake)
pgut  Pantherophis guttatus (corn snake)
pcae  Pituophis catenifer annectens (San Diego gophersnake)
ptex  Pseudonaja textilis (eastern brown snake)
nss  Notechis scutatus (mainland tiger snake)
vko  Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon)
pmua  Podarcis muralis (common wall lizard)
praf  Podarcis raffonei (Aeolian wall lizard)
zvi  Zootoca vivipara (common lizard)
hcg  Hemicordylus capensis (graceful crag lizard)
gja  Gekko japonicus (Schlegel's Japanese gecko)
stow  Sphaerodactylus townsendi (Townsend's least gecko)
emc  Eublepharis macularius (Leopard gecko)
xla  Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
xtr  Xenopus tropicalis (tropical clawed frog)
npr  Nanorana parkeri (Xizang Plateau frog)
rtem  Rana temporaria (common frog)
acat  Aquarana catesbeiana (American bullfrog)
bbuf  Bufo bufo (common toad)
bgar  Bufo gargarizans (Asiatic toad)
pwl  Pleurodeles waltl (Iberian ribbed newt)
muo  Microcaecilia unicolor
gsh  Geotrypetes seraphini (Gaboon caecilian)
loc  Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar)
pspa  Polyodon spathula (Mississippi paddlefish)
arut  Acipenser ruthenus (sterlet)
psex  Polypterus senegalus (gray bichir)
cmk  Callorhinchus milii (elephant shark)
cpla  Chiloscyllium plagiosum (whitespotted bambooshark)
hoc  Hemiscyllium ocellatum (epaulette shark)
scau  Scyliorhinus canicula (smaller spotted catshark)
leri  Leucoraja erinaceus (little skate)
haka  Hemitrygon akajei (red stingray)
pmrn  Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey)
lrj  Lethenteron reissneri (Far Eastern brook lamprey)
bfo  Branchiostoma floridae (Florida lancelet)
bbel  Branchiostoma belcheri (Belcher's lancelet)
spu  Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin)
lpic  Lytechinus pictus (painted urchin)
ajj  Apostichopus japonicus (Japanese sea cucumber)
afil  Amphiura filiformis
sko  Saccoglossus kowalevskii (acorn worm)
pfll  Ptychodera flava
bcoo  Bradysia coprophila
csec  Cryptotermes secundus (drywood termite)
bror  Bacillus rossius redtenbacheri
fcd  Folsomia candida
tcf  Tigriopus californicus (tidepool copepod)
lgi  Lottia gigantea (owl limpet)
pvul  Patella vulgata (common limpet)
bgt  Biomphalaria glabrata (bloodfluke planorb)
gae  Gigantopelta aegis (peltospirid snail)
ljp  Liolophura japonica (common chiton)
epa  Exaiptasia diaphana (Aiptasia)
aten  Actinia tenebrosa (Australian red waratah sea anemone)
adf  Acropora digitifera (stony coral)
amil  Acropora millepora
mcaz  Montipora capricornis (leaf plate montipora)
mfoo  Montipora foliosa
pdam  Pocillopora damicornis (lace coral)
spis  Stylophora pistillata (Smooth Cauliflower Coral)
xen  Xenia sp. Carnegie-2017 (soft corals)
res  Rhopilema esculentum
aqu  Amphimedon queenslandica (sponge)
 » show all
Reaction
Compound
C00103  D-Glucose 1-phosphate
C00029  UDP-glucose
C00167  UDP-glucuronate
C03033  beta-D-Glucuronoside
C00191  D-Glucuronate
C00800  L-Gulonate
C01040  L-Gulono-1,4-lactone
C00072  Ascorbate
Reference
  Authors
Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E
  Title
Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:1-22 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x
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