Entry Name Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection
Description Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) , the causative agent of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family. The primary cell surface receptor for HIV-1, the CD4 protein, and the co-receptor for HIV-1, either CCR5 or CXCR4, are found on macrophages and T lymphocytes. At the earliest step, sequential binding of virus envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 to CD4 and the co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 facilitates HIV-1 entry and has the potential to trigger critical signaling that may favor viral replication. At advanced stages of the disease, HIV-1 infection results in dramatic induction of T-cell (CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell) apoptosis both in infected and uninfected bystander T cells, a hallmark of HIV-1 pathogenesis. On the contrary, macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and produce virus for longer periods of time.
Class Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viralBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map map05170 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection
Disease H00406 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Reference Authors Evans VA, Khoury G, Saleh S, Cameron PU, Lewin SR
Title HIV persistence: chemokines and their signalling pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Abbas W, Herbein G
Title Plasma membrane signaling in HIV-1 infection.
Journal Reference Authors Wu Y, Yoder A
Title Chemokine coreceptor signaling in HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Choi WT, Duggineni S, Xu Y, Huang Z, An J
Title Drug discovery research targeting the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4).
Journal Reference Authors Vorster PJ, Guo J, Yoder A, Wang W, Zheng Y, Xu X, Yu D, Spear M, Wu Y
Title LIM kinase 1 modulates cortical actin and CXCR4 cycling and is activated by HIV-1 to initiate viral infection.
Journal Reference Authors Das SR, Jameel S
Title Biology of the HIV Nef protein.
Journal Indian J Med Res 121:315-32 (2005)
Reference Authors Roy N, Pacini G, Berlioz-Torrent C, Janvier K
Title Mechanisms underlying HIV-1 Vpu-mediated viral egress.
Journal Reference Authors Magadan JG, Bonifacino JS
Title Transmembrane domain determinants of CD4 Downregulation by HIV-1 Vpu.
Journal Reference Authors Kumar A, Herbein G
Title The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection.
Journal Reference Authors Yokota S, Okabayashi T, Fujii N
Title The battle between virus and host: modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways by virus infection.
Journal Reference Authors Sauter D, Kirchhoff F
Title HIV replication: a game of hide and sense.
Journal Reference Authors Altfeld M, Gale M Jr
Title Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection.
Journal Reference Authors Pasquereau S, Kumar A, Herbein G
Title Targeting TNF and TNF Receptor Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: from Immune Activation to Viral Reservoirs.
Journal Reference Authors Herbein G, Khan KA
Title Is HIV infection a TNF receptor signalling-driven disease?
Journal Reference Authors Kumar A, Abbas W, Herbein G
Title TNF and TNF receptor superfamily members in HIV infection: new cellular targets for therapy?
Journal Reference Authors Abbas W, Herbein G
Title T-Cell Signaling in HIV-1 Infection.
Journal Reference Authors Cummins NW, Badley AD
Title Mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphocyte apoptosis: 2010.
Journal Reference Authors Gougeon ML
Title Apoptosis as an HIV strategy to escape immune attack.
Journal Reference Authors Fevrier M, Dorgham K, Rebollo A
Title CD4+ T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: role of apoptosis.
Journal Reference Authors Ross TM
Title Using death to one's advantage: HIV modulation of apoptosis.
Journal Reference Authors Hurley JH, Bonifacino JS
Title Nef-arious goings-on at the Golgi.
Journal Reference Authors Wonderlich ER, Leonard JA, Collins KL
Title HIV immune evasion disruption of antigen presentation by the HIV Nef protein.
Journal Reference Authors Laguette N, Bregnard C, Benichou S, Basmaciogullari S
Title Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus Nef proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Pereira EA, daSilva LL
Title HIV-1 Nef: Taking Control of Protein Trafficking.
Journal Reference Authors Sugden SM, Bego MG, Pham TN, Cohen EA
Title Remodeling of the Host Cell Plasma Membrane by HIV-1 Nef and Vpu: A Strategy to Ensure Viral Fitness and Persistence.
Journal Reference Authors Bagga S, Bouchard MJ
Title Cell cycle regulation during viral infection.
Journal Reference Authors Andersen JL, Planelles V
Title The role of Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Andersen JL, DeHart JL, Zimmerman ES, Ardon O, Kim B, Jacquot G, Benichou S, Planelles V
Title HIV-1 Vpr-induced apoptosis is cell cycle dependent and requires Bax but not ANT.
Journal Reference Authors Takaori-Kondo A, Shindo K
Title HIV-1 Vif: a guardian of the virus that opens up a new era in the research field of restriction factors.
Journal Reference Authors Malim MH
Title APOBEC proteins and intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection.
Journal Reference Authors Hultquist JF, Lengyel JA, Refsland EW, LaRue RS, Lackey L, Brown WL, Harris RS
Title Human and rhesus APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H demonstrate a conserved capacity to restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1.
Journal Related map04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
map04612 Antigen processing and presentation
map04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
map04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
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