KEGG PATHWAY: bvk04624

PATHWAY: bvk04624

Entry

bvk04624                    Pathway

Name

Toll and Imd signaling pathway - Bombus vosnesenskii (yellow-faced bumblebee)

Description

Insects, such as Drosophila, have evolved complex mechanisms to combat microbial infection. TOLL and IMD pathways are responsible for the immune response that functions through the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The TOLL pathway mainly detects fungi, Gram-positive bacteria and virulence factors (proteases et al.). Activation of the TOLL pathway results in degradation of Cactus and localization of Dorsal and Dif to the nucleus. On the other hand, the IMD pathway responses to Gram-negative bacteria and leads to the activation of Relish. Dorsal, Dif and Relish induce the transcriptional up-regulation of AMPs in the nucleus.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

bvk04624

Toll and Imd signaling pathway

Organism

Bombus vosnesenskii (yellow-faced bumblebee) [GN:bvk]

Gene

117234110

beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein 1-like [KO:K20692]

117235707

beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein-like [KO:K20697]

117239036

peptidoglycan-recognition protein 2-like [KO:K01446]

117233578

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peptidoglycan recognition protein 3-like [KO:K01446]

117241982

modular serine protease-like [KO:K20674] [EC:3.4.21.-]

117232156

protein spaetzle-like [KO:K20694]

117240899

protein spaetzle-like isoform X1 [KO:K20694]

117231415

protein spaetzle-like [KO:K20694]

117241827

protein spaetzle-like isoform X1 [KO:K20694]

117232113

protein spaetzle 5 isoform X1 [KO:K20694]

117233224

protein toll-like [KO:K18809]

117243504

toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K18809]

117243559

toll-like receptor Tollo [KO:K18809]

117237855

toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K18809]

117243517

toll-like receptor Tollo [KO:K18809]

117235421

myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]

117232751

protein Tube [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]

117232315

serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]

117238112

NF-kappa-B inhibitor cactus [KO:K04734]

117238026

embryonic polarity protein dorsal isoform X1 [KO:K09254]

117240192

beta-TrCP isoform X1 [KO:K03362]

117233325

defensin-1 [KO:K20668]

117233235

peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC-like isoform X1 [KO:K24077]

117232553

uncharacterized protein LOC117232553 [KO:K20701]

117233838

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]

117237956

baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K16060]

117233671

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2 [KO:K10704]

117232824

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]

117230959

protein immune deficiency isoform X1 [KO:K20699]

117230284

uncharacterized protein LOC117230284 [KO:K02373]

117233219

caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]

117232651

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

117233585

TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]

117242171

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 [KO:K04428] [EC:2.7.11.25]

117233150

dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]

117232844

mitogen-activated protein kinase p38b-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

117231694

cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]

117235941

dual oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K13411] [EC:1.6.3.1 1.11.1.-]

117231547

dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous-like [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]

117237534

stress-activated protein kinase JNK isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

117234017

transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]

117237193

transcription factor kayak [KO:K09031]

117237830

inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta-like [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]

117235660

ankyrin-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K09255]

117230732

ankyrin-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K09255]

117232136

nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]

117236231

FAS-associated factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K20703]

Compound

C00027

Hydrogen peroxide

Reference

PMID:22824741

Authors

Merkling SH, van Rij RP

Title

Beyond RNAi: antiviral defense strategies in Drosophila and mosquito.

Journal

J Insect Physiol 59:159-70 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.07.004

Reference

PMID:21209287

Authors

Valanne S, Wang JH, Ramet M

Title

The Drosophila Toll signaling pathway.

Journal

J Immunol 186:649-56 (2011)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1002302

Reference

PMID:21625362

Authors

Silverman N, Paquette N, Aggarwal K

Title

Specificity and signaling in the Drosophila immune response.

Journal

Invertebrate Surviv J 6:163-174 (2009)

Reference

PMID:22076558

Authors

Royet J, Gupta D, Dziarski R

Title

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: modulators of the microbiome and inflammation.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 11:837-51 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nri3089

Reference

PMID:25421701

Authors

Buchon N, Silverman N, Cherry S

Title

Immunity in Drosophila melanogaster--from microbial recognition to whole-organism physiology.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 14:796-810 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nri3763

Reference

PMID:17948019

Authors

Ferrandon D, Imler JL, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA

Title

The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 7:862-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2194

Reference

PMID:25674081

Authors

Stokes BA, Yadav S, Shokal U, Smith LC, Eleftherianos I

Title

Bacterial and fungal pattern recognition receptors in homologous innate signaling pathways of insects and mammals.

Journal

Front Microbiol 6:19 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00019

Reference

PMID:22368770

Authors

Igboin CO, Griffen AL, Leys EJ

Title

The Drosophila melanogaster host model.

Journal

J Oral Microbiol 4:JOM-4-10368 (2012)
DOI:10.3402/jom.v4i0.10368

Reference

PMID:23893105

Authors

Buchon N, Broderick NA, Lemaitre B

Title

Gut homeostasis in a microbial world: insights from Drosophila melanogaster.

Journal

Nat Rev Microbiol 11:615-26 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro3074

Reference

PMID:26290570

Authors

Handu M, Kaduskar B, Ravindranathan R, Soory A, Giri R, Elango VB, Gowda H, Ratnaparkhi GS

Title

SUMO-Enriched Proteome for Drosophila Innate Immune Response.

Journal

G3 (Bethesda) 5:2137-54 (2015)
DOI:10.1534/g3.115.020958

Reference

PMID:23632253

Authors

Lindsay SA, Wasserman SA

Title

Conventional and non-conventional Drosophila Toll signaling.

Journal

Dev Comp Immunol 42:16-24 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.011

Reference

PMID:22549468

Authors

Meinander A, Runchel C, Tenev T, Chen L, Kim CH, Ribeiro PS, Broemer M, Leulier F, Zvelebil M, Silverman N, Meier P

Title

Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required for innate immune signalling.

Journal

EMBO J 31:2770-83 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/emboj.2012.121

Reference

PMID:24706930

Authors

Myllymaki H, Valanne S, Ramet M

Title

The Drosophila imd signaling pathway.

Journal

J Immunol 192:3455-62 (2014)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1303309

Reference

PMID:17343912

Authors

Valanne S, Kleino A, Myllymaki H, Vuoristo J, Ramet M

Title

Iap2 is required for a sustained response in the Drosophila Imd pathway.

Journal

Dev Comp Immunol 31:991-1001 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2007.01.004

Reference

PMID:15556270

Authors

Levy F, Rabel D, Charlet M, Bulet P, Hoffmann JA, Ehret-Sabatier L

Title

Peptidomic and proteomic analyses of the systemic immune response of Drosophila.

Journal

Biochimie 86:607-16 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.07.007

Reference

PMID:27851910

Authors

Iatsenko I, Kondo S, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B

Title

PGRP-SD, an Extracellular Pattern-Recognition Receptor, Enhances Peptidoglycan-Mediated Activation of the Drosophila Imd Pathway.

Journal

Immunity 45:1013-1023 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.029

Reference

PMID:21364998

Authors

Zaidman-Remy A, Poidevin M, Herve M, Welchman DP, Paredes JC, Fahlander C, Steiner H, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B

Title

Drosophila immunity: analysis of PGRP-SB1 expression, enzymatic activity and function.

Journal

PLoS One 6:e17231 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0017231

Reference

PMID:29398649

Authors

Charroux B, Capo F, Kurz CL, Peslier S, Chaduli D, Viallat-Lieutaud A, Royet J

Title

Cytosolic and Secreted Peptidoglycan-Degrading Enzymes in Drosophila Respectively Control Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Microbiota.

Journal

Cell Host Microbe 23:215-228.e4 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.007

Reference

PMID:26385528

Authors

Koyama H, Kato D, Minakuchi C, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Miura K

Title

Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and their roles in the innate immune pathways of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.

Journal

J Invertebr Pathol 132:86-100 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2015.09.003

Related
pathway

bvk04013

MAPK signaling pathway - fly

bvk04120

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis

bvk04214

Apoptosis - fly

KO pathway

ko04624

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system