KEGG PATHWAY: cgig04624

PATHWAY: cgig04624

Entry

cgig04624                   Pathway

Name

Toll and Imd signaling pathway - Colletes gigas

Description

Insects, such as Drosophila, have evolved complex mechanisms to combat microbial infection. TOLL and IMD pathways are responsible for the immune response that functions through the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The TOLL pathway mainly detects fungi, Gram-positive bacteria and virulence factors (proteases et al.). Activation of the TOLL pathway results in degradation of Cactus and localization of Dorsal and Dif to the nucleus. On the other hand, the IMD pathway responses to Gram-negative bacteria and leads to the activation of Relish. Dorsal, Dif and Relish induce the transcriptional up-regulation of AMPs in the nucleus.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

cgig04624

Toll and Imd signaling pathway

Organism

Colletes gigas [GN:cgig]

Gene

122403343

beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein 1-like [KO:K20692]

122396250

beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K20697]

122401084

uncharacterized protein LOC122401084 [KO:K01446]

122402482

peptidoglycan-recognition protein SA isoform X1 [KO:K01446]

122402887

modular serine protease-like [KO:K20674] [EC:3.4.21.-]

122399511

serine protease snake-like [KO:K20675]

122395885

protein spaetzle [KO:K20694]

122401077

uncharacterized protein LOC122401077 [KO:K20694]

122395998

protein spaetzle 5 [KO:K20694]

122394735

protein toll [KO:K18809]

122400965

toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K18809]

122401074

toll-like receptor Tollo [KO:K18809]

122402699

toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K18809]

122402184

toll-like receptor Tollo [KO:K18809]

122398262

myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]

122396314

uncharacterized protein LOC122396314 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]

122403269

serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle isoform X1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]

122397864

NF-kappa-B inhibitor cactus [KO:K04734]

122395119

embryonic polarity protein dorsal-like isoform X1 [KO:K09254]

122394827

beta-TrCP [KO:K03362]

122400498

defensin [KO:K20668]

122402208

defensin-2-like [KO:K20668]

122395017

peptidoglycan-recognition protein LA-like isoform X1 [KO:K24077]

122399246

uncharacterized protein LOC122399246 [KO:K20701]

122397125

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]

122399863

death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis 2-like [KO:K16060]

122401983

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2 [KO:K10704]

122400085

ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N isoform X1 [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]

122398992

protein immune deficiency [KO:K20699]

122401582

fas-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]

122403524

caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]

122398691

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

122397536

TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]

122402272

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04428] [EC:2.7.11.25]

122402162

dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]

122400271

mitogen-activated protein kinase p38b-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

122403408

cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-7 [KO:K04450]

122398578

dual oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K13411] [EC:1.6.3.1 1.11.1.-]

122399477

dual oxidase 2-like [KO:K13411] [EC:1.6.3.1 1.11.1.-]

122398265

dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous-like isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]

122398247

stress-activated protein kinase JNK [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

122396769

transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]

122399057

transcription factor kayak isoform X1 [KO:K09031]

122401896

ankyrin-2-like [KO:K09255]

122397779

microtubule-associated protein futsch-like isoform X1 [KO:K09255]

122395523

nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]

122400040

FAS-associated factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K20703]

Compound

C00027

Hydrogen peroxide

Reference

PMID:22824741

Authors

Merkling SH, van Rij RP

Title

Beyond RNAi: antiviral defense strategies in Drosophila and mosquito.

Journal

J Insect Physiol 59:159-70 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.07.004

Reference

PMID:21209287

Authors

Valanne S, Wang JH, Ramet M

Title

The Drosophila Toll signaling pathway.

Journal

J Immunol 186:649-56 (2011)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1002302

Reference

PMID:21625362

Authors

Silverman N, Paquette N, Aggarwal K

Title

Specificity and signaling in the Drosophila immune response.

Journal

Invertebrate Surviv J 6:163-174 (2009)

Reference

PMID:22076558

Authors

Royet J, Gupta D, Dziarski R

Title

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: modulators of the microbiome and inflammation.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 11:837-51 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nri3089

Reference

PMID:25421701

Authors

Buchon N, Silverman N, Cherry S

Title

Immunity in Drosophila melanogaster--from microbial recognition to whole-organism physiology.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 14:796-810 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nri3763

Reference

PMID:17948019

Authors

Ferrandon D, Imler JL, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA

Title

The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 7:862-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2194

Reference

PMID:25674081

Authors

Stokes BA, Yadav S, Shokal U, Smith LC, Eleftherianos I

Title

Bacterial and fungal pattern recognition receptors in homologous innate signaling pathways of insects and mammals.

Journal

Front Microbiol 6:19 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00019

Reference

PMID:22368770

Authors

Igboin CO, Griffen AL, Leys EJ

Title

The Drosophila melanogaster host model.

Journal

J Oral Microbiol 4:JOM-4-10368 (2012)
DOI:10.3402/jom.v4i0.10368

Reference

PMID:23893105

Authors

Buchon N, Broderick NA, Lemaitre B

Title

Gut homeostasis in a microbial world: insights from Drosophila melanogaster.

Journal

Nat Rev Microbiol 11:615-26 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro3074

Reference

PMID:26290570

Authors

Handu M, Kaduskar B, Ravindranathan R, Soory A, Giri R, Elango VB, Gowda H, Ratnaparkhi GS

Title

SUMO-Enriched Proteome for Drosophila Innate Immune Response.

Journal

G3 (Bethesda) 5:2137-54 (2015)
DOI:10.1534/g3.115.020958

Reference

PMID:23632253

Authors

Lindsay SA, Wasserman SA

Title

Conventional and non-conventional Drosophila Toll signaling.

Journal

Dev Comp Immunol 42:16-24 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.011

Reference

PMID:22549468

Authors

Meinander A, Runchel C, Tenev T, Chen L, Kim CH, Ribeiro PS, Broemer M, Leulier F, Zvelebil M, Silverman N, Meier P

Title

Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required for innate immune signalling.

Journal

EMBO J 31:2770-83 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/emboj.2012.121

Reference

PMID:24706930

Authors

Myllymaki H, Valanne S, Ramet M

Title

The Drosophila imd signaling pathway.

Journal

J Immunol 192:3455-62 (2014)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1303309

Reference

PMID:17343912

Authors

Valanne S, Kleino A, Myllymaki H, Vuoristo J, Ramet M

Title

Iap2 is required for a sustained response in the Drosophila Imd pathway.

Journal

Dev Comp Immunol 31:991-1001 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2007.01.004

Reference

PMID:15556270

Authors

Levy F, Rabel D, Charlet M, Bulet P, Hoffmann JA, Ehret-Sabatier L

Title

Peptidomic and proteomic analyses of the systemic immune response of Drosophila.

Journal

Biochimie 86:607-16 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.07.007

Reference

PMID:27851910

Authors

Iatsenko I, Kondo S, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B

Title

PGRP-SD, an Extracellular Pattern-Recognition Receptor, Enhances Peptidoglycan-Mediated Activation of the Drosophila Imd Pathway.

Journal

Immunity 45:1013-1023 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.029

Reference

PMID:21364998

Authors

Zaidman-Remy A, Poidevin M, Herve M, Welchman DP, Paredes JC, Fahlander C, Steiner H, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B

Title

Drosophila immunity: analysis of PGRP-SB1 expression, enzymatic activity and function.

Journal

PLoS One 6:e17231 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0017231

Reference

PMID:29398649

Authors

Charroux B, Capo F, Kurz CL, Peslier S, Chaduli D, Viallat-Lieutaud A, Royet J

Title

Cytosolic and Secreted Peptidoglycan-Degrading Enzymes in Drosophila Respectively Control Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Microbiota.

Journal

Cell Host Microbe 23:215-228.e4 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.007

Reference

PMID:26385528

Authors

Koyama H, Kato D, Minakuchi C, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Miura K

Title

Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and their roles in the innate immune pathways of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.

Journal

J Invertebr Pathol 132:86-100 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2015.09.003

Related
pathway

cgig04013

MAPK signaling pathway - fly

cgig04120

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis

cgig04214

Apoptosis - fly

KO pathway

ko04624

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system