Entry
Name
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis - Theobroma cacao (cacao)
Description
Cell surface proteins can be attached to the cell membrane via the glycolipid structure called glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Hundreds of GPI-anchored proteins have been identified in many eukaryotes ranging from protozoa and fungi to mammals. All protein-linked GPI anchors share a common core structure, characterized by the substructure Man (a1-4) GlcN (a1-6) myo-inositol-1P-lipid. Biosynthesis of GPI anchors proceeds in three stages: (i) preassembly of a GPI precursor in the ER membrane, (ii) attachment of the GPI to the C-terminus of a newly synthesized protein in the lumen of the ER, and (iii) lipid remodeling and/or carbohydrate side-chain modifications in the ER and the Golgi. Defects of GPI anchor biosynthesis gene result in a genetic disorder, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Class
Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
tcc00563 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Theobroma cacao (cacao) [GN:
tcc ]
Gene
18603324 putative phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C [KO:K03859 ]
18601745 phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P [KO:K03861 ]
18602833 phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Q [KO:K03860 ]
18606806 dolichol phosphate-mannose biosynthesis regulatory protein [KO:K09658 ]
18600701 GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1 [KO:K05285 ] [EC:2.7.-.-]
18594704 GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3 [KO:K05288 ] [EC:2.7.-.-]
18595479 phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein [KO:K05287 ]
18611470 GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2 [KO:K05310 ] [EC:2.7.-.-]
18600832 glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein [KO:K05289 ]
18608187 phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U protein [KO:K05293 ]
Compound
C00350 Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
G10610 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
G10617 Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose
G12396 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol
Reference
Authors
Eisenhaber B, Maurer-Stroh S, Novatchkova M, Schneider G, Eisenhaber F.
Title
Enzymes and auxiliary factors for GPI lipid anchor biosynthesis and post-translational transfer to proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kinoshita T, Inoue N.
Title
Dissecting and manipulating the pathway for glycosylphos-phatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fankhauser C, Homans SW, Thomas-Oates JE, McConville MJ, Desponds C, Conzelmann A, Ferguson MA.
Title
Structures of glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Journal
J Biol Chem 268:26365-74 (1993)
Reference
Authors
Murakami Y, Siripanyapinyo U, Hong Y, Kang JY, Ishihara S, Nakakuma H, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title
PIG-W is critical for inositol acylation but not for flipping of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Benachour A, Sipos G, Flury I, Reggiori F, Canivenc-Gansel E, Vionnet C, Conzelmann A, Benghezal M.
Title
Deletion of GPI7, a yeast gene required for addition of a side chain to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) core structure, affects GPI protein transport, remodeling, and cell wall integrity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Tashima Y, Kinoshita T.
Title
Inositol deacylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins is mediated by mammalian PGAP1 and yeast Bst1p.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hong Y, Ohishi K, Kang JY, Tanaka S, Inoue N, Nishimura J, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title
Human PIG-U and yeast Cdc91p are the fifth subunit of GPI transamidase that attaches GPI-anchors to proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title
[Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins]
Journal
Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 48:990-6 (2003)
Reference
Authors
Kang JY, Hong Y, Ashida H, Shishioh N, Murakami Y, Morita YS, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title
PIG-V involved in transferring the second mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ashida H, Hong Y, Murakami Y, Shishioh N, Sugimoto N, Kim YU, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title
Mammalian PIG-X and yeast Pbn1p are the essential components of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fujita M
Title
[Biosynthesis and remodeling of GPI-anchored proteins].
Journal
Seikagaku 85:985-95 (2013)
Reference
Authors
Kinoshita T
Title
[Biochemistry of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins].
Journal
Seikagaku 86:626-36 (2014)
Reference
Authors
Fujita M, Maeda Y, Ra M, Yamaguchi Y, Taguchi R, Kinoshita T
Title
GPI glycan remodeling by PGAP5 regulates transport of GPI-anchored proteins from the ER to the Golgi.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kinoshita T, Fujita M
Title
Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins: special emphasis on GPI lipid remodeling.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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