KEGG PATHWAY: biu05150

PATHWAY: biu05150

Entry

biu05150                    Pathway

Name

Staphylococcus aureus infection - Bos indicus (zebu cattle)

Description

Staphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the effectiveness of the immune system: secreting immune modulating proteins that inhibit complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis or lysis, modulating the sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides (such as defensin) by increasing the positive net charge of its cytoplasmic membrane, and expression of superantigens that prevent development of a normal immune response or cause an emetic response when ingested.

Class

Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial

Pathway map

biu05150

Staphylococcus aureus infection

Organism

Bos indicus (zebu cattle) [GN:biu]

Gene

109573287

KRT39; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 39 [KO:K07604]

109573303

keratin, type I cuticular Ha8-like [KO:K07604]

109573304

KRT38; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cuticular Ha8 [KO:K07604]

109559055

KRT18; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 [KO:K07604]

109574395

KRT10; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 [KO:K07604]

109574406

KRT19; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 [KO:K07604]

109574408

KRT15; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15 [KO:K07604]

109573461

KRT40; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 40 [KO:K07604]

109573482

KRT26; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 26 [KO:K07604]

109574298

KRT14; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 [KO:K07604]

109574301

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 42 [KO:K07604]

109574302

keratin, type I cytoskeletal 17 [KO:K07604]

109573405

keratin, type I microfibrillar 48 kDa, component 8C-1 [KO:K07604]

109573409

KRT27; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 27 [KO:K07604]

109573411

KRT24; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 24 [KO:K07604]

109573415

KRT13; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 13 [KO:K07604]

109573419

keratin, type I microfibrillar, 47.6 kDa [KO:K07604]

109573423

KRT23; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 [KO:K07604]

109573431

KRT20; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20 [KO:K07604]

109573442

KRT28; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 28 [KO:K07604]

109573449

KRT12; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12 [KO:K07604]

109574493

KRT25; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 [KO:K07604]

109574506

KRT9; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9 [KO:K07604]

109574523

keratin, type I microfibrillar 48 kDa, component 8C-1-like [KO:K07604]

109574525

keratin, type I microfibrillar 48 kDa, component 8C-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07604]

109574527

KRT32; keratin, type I cuticular Ha2 [KO:K07604]

109574528

KRT35; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: keratin, type I cuticular Ha5 [KO:K07604]

109574529

KRT36; keratin, type I cuticular Ha6 [KO:K07604]

109571094

FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]

109561686

C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]

109576933

CFB; complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]

109570520

complement factor H isoform X1 [KO:K04004]

109553916

mannose-binding protein A-like [KO:K03991]

109553201

MBL2; mannose-binding protein C [KO:K03991]

109556918

MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]

109570390

MASP2; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]

109574058

C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]

109574037

C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]

109574050

C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C [KO:K03988]

109558899

complement C1r subcomponent-like isoform X1 [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]

109558901

C1R; complement C1r subcomponent isoform X1 [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]

109558321

complement C1r subcomponent-like [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]

109558903

C1S; complement C1s subcomponent [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]

109576932

C2; complement C2 isoform X1 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]

109576941

complement C4-like [KO:K03989]

109576944

complement C4 [KO:K03989]

109576672

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C4-A-like [KO:K03989]

109563409

C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]

109559700

C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]

109572958

C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]

109555819

high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I-like [KO:K06498]

109578180

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-like [KO:K06472]

109578097

FCGR2B; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b isoform X1 [KO:K12560]

109578151

low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III isoform X1 [KO:K06463]

109564099

PLG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]

109560254

CFI; complement factor I [KO:K01333] [EC:3.4.21.45]

109571485

SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 [KO:K06544]

109570715

SELP; P-selectin [KO:K06496]

109561581

intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]

109578145

ITGAL; integrin alpha-L [KO:K05718]

109560786

ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]

109553384

beta-defensin 103A [KO:K23126]

109553284

beta-defensin 103A-like [KO:K23126]

109553283

beta-defensin 103A-like [KO:K23126]

109553286

beta-defensin 103A-like [KO:K23126]

109553291

beta-defensin 103A-like [KO:K23126]

109553494

beta-defensin 103-like [KO:K23126]

109575948

cathelicidin-5 [KO:K13916]

109575951

cathelicidin-2 [KO:K13916]

109575953

cathelicidin-3 [KO:K13916]

109575954

cathelicidin-1-like [KO:K13916]

109575955

cathelicidin-1 [KO:K13916]

109575968

cathelicidin-7 [KO:K13916]

109575975

cathelicidin-4 [KO:K13916]

109575985

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathelicidin-6-like [KO:K13916]

109575889

cathelicidin-4-like [KO:K13916]

109575890

cathelicidin-4-like [KO:K13916]

109577929

DSG1; desmoglein-1 [KO:K07596]

109576545

DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

109576596

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

109577038

SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]

109577039

SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain [KO:K06752]

109577041

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

109577042

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]

109576666

DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]

109577307

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]

109577316

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]

109576780

SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]

109572920

PTAFR; platelet-activating factor receptor [KO:K04279]

109570808

IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]

Compound

C11596

FMLP

C20898

Lipoteichoic acid

Reference

PMID:20178484

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: adhesion, survival and immune evasion.

Journal

Vet Dermatol 20:456-70 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.x

Reference

PMID:16322743

Authors

Foster TJ

Title

Immune evasion by staphylococci.

Journal

Nat Rev Microbiol 3:948-58 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1289

Reference

PMID:20062962

Authors

Laarman A, Milder F, van Strijp J, Rooijakkers S

Title

Complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Journal

J Mol Med 88:115-20 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0572-y

Reference

PMID:16242332

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Staphylococcal innate immune evasion.

Journal

Trends Microbiol 13:596-601 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2005.10.002

Reference

PMID:16679003

Authors

Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T

Title

Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression.

Journal

J Dermatol Sci 42:203-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.03.011

Reference

PMID:11361034

Authors

Torres BA, Kominsky S, Perrin GQ, Hobeika AC, Johnson HM

Title

Superantigens: the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Journal

Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 226:164-76 (2001)
DOI:10.1177/153537020122600303

Reference

PMID:18061675

Authors

Atkins KL, Burman JD, Chamberlain ES, Cooper JE, Poutrel B, Bagby S, Jenkins AT, Feil EJ, van den Elsen JM

Title

S. aureus IgG-binding proteins SpA and Sbi: host specificity and mechanisms of immune complex formation.

Journal

Mol Immunol 45:1600-11 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.021

Reference

PMID:16724100

Authors

Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS

Title

Confounding B-cell defences: lessons from a staphylococcal superantigen.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:465-75 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1853

Reference

PMID:15273292

Authors

Goodyear CS, Silverman GJ

Title

Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged in vivo deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11392-7 (2004)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0404382101

Reference

PMID:19112495

Authors

Haupt K, Reuter M, van den Elsen J, Burman J, Halbich S, Richter J, Skerka C, Zipfel PF

Title

The Staphylococcus aureus protein Sbi acts as a complement inhibitor and forms a tripartite complex with host complement Factor H and C3b.

Journal

PLoS Pathog 4:e1000250 (2008)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000250

Reference

PMID:16111912

Authors

Bokarewa MI, Jin T, Tarkowski A

Title

Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylokinase.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:504-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.07.005

Reference

PMID:16086019

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Ruyken M, Roos A, Daha MR, Presanis JS, Sim RB, van Wamel WJ, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Immune evasion by a staphylococcal complement inhibitor that acts on C3 convertases.

Journal

Nat Immunol 6:920-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ni1235

Reference

PMID:19503103

Authors

Rooijakkers SH, Wu J, Ruyken M, van Domselaar R, Planken KL, Tzekou A, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Janssen BJ, van Strijp JA, Gros P

Title

Structural and functional implications of the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase stabilized by a staphylococcal inhibitor.

Journal

Nat Immunol 10:721-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1756

Reference

PMID:17893203

Authors

Jongerius I, Kohl J, Pandey MK, Ruyken M, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Rooijakkers SH

Title

Staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules.

Journal

J Exp Med 204:2461-71 (2007)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20070818

Reference

PMID:18544012

Authors

Hair PS, Ward MD, Semmes OJ, Foster TJ, Cunnion KM

Title

Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A binds to complement regulator factor I and increases factor I cleavage of C3b.

Journal

J Infect Dis 198:125-33 (2008)
DOI:10.1086/588825

Reference

PMID:16640587

Authors

Higgins J, Loughman A, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, Foster TJ

Title

Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Journal

FEMS Microbiol Lett 258:290-6 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00229.x

Reference

PMID:20133685

Authors

Laursen NS, Gordon N, Hermans S, Lorenz N, Jackson N, Wines B, Spillner E, Christensen JB, Jensen M, Fredslund F, Bjerre M, Sottrup-Jensen L, Fraser JD, Andersen GR

Title

Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3681-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0910565107

Reference

PMID:17848512

Authors

Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM, Fraser JD, Wines BD

Title

Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15051-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0706028104

Reference

PMID:14993252

Authors

de Haas CJ, Veldkamp KE, Peschel A, Weerkamp F, Van Wamel WJ, Heezius EC, Poppelier MJ, Van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA

Title

Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial antiinflammatory agent.

Journal

J Exp Med 199:687-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1084/jem.20031636

Reference

PMID:17114475

Authors

Prat C, Bestebroer J, de Haas CJ, van Strijp JA, van Kessel KP

Title

A new staphylococcal anti-inflammatory protein that antagonizes the formyl peptide receptor-like 1.

Journal

J Immunol 177:8017-26 (2006)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8017

Reference

PMID:17132726

Authors

Bestebroer J, Poppelier MJ, Ulfman LH, Lenting PJ, Denis CV, van Kessel KP, van Strijp JA, de Haas CJ

Title

Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling.

Journal

Blood 109:2936-43 (2007)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-06-015461

Reference

PMID:18045383

Authors

Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD

Title

The crystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complex with sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immune inhibition.

Journal

Mol Microbiol 66:1342-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05989.x

Reference

PMID:12091905

Authors

Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, Peters G, Bretzel RG, Flock JI, Herrmann M, Preissner KT

Title

Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes.

Journal

Nat Med 8:687-93 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nm728

Reference

PMID:17517597

Authors

Li M, Lai Y, Villaruz AE, Cha DJ, Sturdevant DE, Otto M

Title

Gram-positive three-component antimicrobial peptide-sensing system.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9469-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0702159104

Reference

PMID:15561843

Authors

Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mydel P, Krawczyk K, Wojcik K, Puklo M, Lupa B, Suder P, Silberring J, Reed M, Pohl J, Shafer W, McAleese F, Foster T, Travis J, Potempa J

Title

Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.

Journal

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:4673-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4673-4679.2004

Reference

PMID:18837785

Authors

Fraser JD, Proft T

Title

The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins.

Journal

Immunol Rev 225:226-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x