KEGG   PATHWAY: maua05171
Entry
maua05171                   Pathway                                
Name
Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 - Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster)
Description
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial cells [mainly alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cells] through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Upon the occupancy of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2, the increased serum level of free Angiotensin II (Ang II) due to a reduction of ACE2-mediated degradation promotes activation of the NF-kappa B pathway via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), followed by  interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. SARS-CoV-2 also activates the innate immune system; macrophage stimulation triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and the "cytokine storm", which results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure. The combined effects of complement activation, dysregulated neutrophilia, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be intertwined to drive the severe features of COVID-19.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
maua05171  Coronavirus disease - COVID-19
maua05171

Organism
Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster) [GN:maua]
Gene
101843596  Tmprss2; transmembrane protease serine 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
101823817  Ace2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
101835626  Nrp1; neuropilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06724]
101824864  angiotensin-converting enzyme precursor [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
101833239  angiotensin-converting enzyme-like protein Ace3 [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
110340067  proto-oncogene Mas [KO:K04303]
101840244  type-1A angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101834569  Agtr1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101834491  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
101839499  Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
101831177  Rela; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
101843732  Tnf; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
101839443  Il6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
101839008  Il1b; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
101844248  Il12a; interleukin-12 subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05406]
101843678  Il12b; interleukin-12 subunit beta precursor [KO:K05425]
101834647  stromelysin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01394] [EC:3.4.24.17]
101824185  interstitial collagenase A [KO:K01388] [EC:3.4.24.7]
101838866  C-C motif chemokine 12 [KO:K14624]
101839392  C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
101828493  Adam17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
101840696  Tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101835014  Nfkbia; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
101831453  Nfkbib; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
101831451  Hbegf; proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [KO:K08523]
101838749  Egfr; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101825858  Il6r; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05055]
101842747  Il6st; interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta [KO:K05060]
101843653  Jak1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101833177  Tyk2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101834358  Stat3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
101835410  Il2; interleukin-2 precursor [KO:K05429]
101823561  Csf3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05423]
101841789  Csf2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427]
101833485  Cxcl10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 precursor [KO:K12671]
121134663  40S ribosomal protein S2-like [KO:K02981]
106022688  40S ribosomal protein S2-like [KO:K02981]
121142680  40S ribosomal protein S2-like [KO:K02981]
121143314  40S ribosomal protein S2-like [KO:K02981]
121140422  40S ribosomal protein S2-like [KO:K02981]
121140552  40S ribosomal protein S2-like [KO:K02981]
101836559  Rps2; 40S ribosomal protein S2 [KO:K02981]
101830073  Rps3; 40S ribosomal protein S3 [KO:K02985]
101822898  40S ribosomal protein S3a [KO:K02984]
101839674  Rps3a; 40S ribosomal protein S3a [KO:K02984]
121144463  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S3a-like [KO:K02984]
101839291  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform [KO:K02987]
101838157  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
101829735  Rps4x; 40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform [KO:K02987]
121139367  40S ribosomal protein S4-like [KO:K02987]
101823781  Rps5; 40S ribosomal protein S5 [KO:K02989]
121135486  40S ribosomal protein S6-like [KO:K02991]
101824912  40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
101833684  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S6-like [KO:K02991]
101836115  Rps6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
121140382  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S6-like [KO:K02991]
101835445  40S ribosomal protein S7 [KO:K02993]
101831161  Rps7; 40S ribosomal protein S7 [KO:K02993]
110341690  40S ribosomal protein S7-like [KO:K02993]
101833928  Rps8; 40S ribosomal protein S8 [KO:K02995]
101824602  Rps9; 40S ribosomal protein S9 [KO:K02997]
101840759  Rps10; 40S ribosomal protein S10 [KO:K02947]
101832841  40S ribosomal protein S11-like [KO:K02949]
101822867  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S11-like [KO:K02949]
101829134  Rps12; 40S ribosomal protein S12 [KO:K02951]
121142395  40S ribosomal protein S12-like [KO:K02951]
121143320  40S ribosomal protein S12-like [KO:K02951]
121143933  40S ribosomal protein S12-like [KO:K02951]
121137898  40S ribosomal protein S12-like [KO:K02951]
121139939  40S ribosomal protein S12-like [KO:K02951]
101828818  Rps13; 40S ribosomal protein S13 [KO:K02953]
121144039  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S13-like [KO:K02953]
121142811  40S ribosomal protein S14 [KO:K02955]
101832373  Rps14; 40S ribosomal protein S14 [KO:K02955]
101832829  Rps15; 40S ribosomal protein S15 [KO:K02958]
121132971  40S ribosomal protein S15a-like [KO:K02957]
101827596  Rps15a; 40S ribosomal protein S15a [KO:K02957]
121143579  40S ribosomal protein S15a [KO:K02957]
110341645  40S ribosomal protein S15a-like [KO:K02957]
101835038  Rps16; 40S ribosomal protein S16 [KO:K02960]
101833430  Rps17; 40S ribosomal protein S17 [KO:K02962]
101828260  40S ribosomal protein S17-like [KO:K02962]
101834509  Rps18; 40S ribosomal protein S18 isoform X1 [KO:K02964]
101843454  Rps19; 40S ribosomal protein S19 [KO:K02966]
101825451  40S ribosomal protein S19-like [KO:K02966]
121140262  40S ribosomal protein S19-like [KO:K02966]
121140556  40S ribosomal protein S19-like [KO:K02966]
101825906  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S20 [KO:K02969]
121138791  Rps20; 40S ribosomal protein S20 [KO:K02969]
110341644  40S ribosomal protein S21-like [KO:K02971]
101827403  40S ribosomal protein S21 [KO:K02971]
121133013  40S ribosomal protein S21-like [KO:K02971]
101830140  Rps21; 40S ribosomal protein S21 [KO:K02971]
121139722  40S ribosomal protein S21-like [KO:K02971]
121140270  40S ribosomal protein S21-like [KO:K02971]
101831542  Rps23; 40S ribosomal protein S23 [KO:K02973]
101824003  40S ribosomal protein S23 [KO:K02973]
121141356  40S ribosomal protein S23-like [KO:K02973]
101833634  40S ribosomal protein S24-like [KO:K02974]
101840803  40S ribosomal protein S24-like [KO:K02974]
101844694  40S ribosomal protein S25 [KO:K02975]
101831299  Rps25; 40S ribosomal protein S25 [KO:K02975]
121139982  40S ribosomal protein S25-like [KO:K02975]
110343099  40S ribosomal protein S25-like [KO:K02975]
101828002  40S ribosomal protein S25-like [KO:K02975]
121136115  40S ribosomal protein S25-like [KO:K02975]
106022495  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
121133263  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101838415  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101823008  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101823926  Rps26; 40S ribosomal protein S26 [KO:K02976]
101824443  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
121143756  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
121144269  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
121136840  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
121137200  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
121139275  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
121141346  40S ribosomal protein S26 [KO:K02976]
121134231  40S ribosomal protein S27 [KO:K02978]
101836510  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101833922  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101831729  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
106021224  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101834743  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
106021796  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
110341973  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101822962  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101825164  Rps27; 40S ribosomal protein S27 [KO:K02978]
121143309  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
121143769  40S ribosomal protein S27 [KO:K02978]
101841727  Rps27l; 40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
121138998  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101822924  Rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
121139105  ubiquitin [KO:K02977]
101840483  Rps28; 40S ribosomal protein S28 [KO:K02979]
101829442  40S ribosomal protein S29 [KO:K02980]
106021865  40S ribosomal protein S29-like [KO:K02980]
101824729  40S ribosomal protein S29-like [KO:K02980]
106021366  Rps29; 40S ribosomal protein S29 [KO:K02980]
101825097  Fau; ubiquitin-like protein fubi and ribosomal protein S30 [KO:K02983]
121144294  ubiquitin-like protein FUBI [KO:K02983]
101824468  Rpsa; 40S ribosomal protein SA [KO:K02998]
101823060  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
101842929  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
121142391  40S ribosomal protein SA [KO:K02998]
121142763  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
121139868  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
101833220  Rpl3; 60S ribosomal protein L3 [KO:K02925]
101825491  60S ribosomal protein L3-like [KO:K02925]
101826558  Rpl3l; 60S ribosomal protein L3-like [KO:K02925]
101844669  Rpl4; 60S ribosomal protein L4 [KO:K02930]
101827764  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L5-like [KO:K02932]
101826464  Rpl5; 60S ribosomal protein L5 isoform X1 [KO:K02932]
110342846  Rpl6; 60S ribosomal protein L6 [KO:K02934]
101826179  60S ribosomal protein L6-like [KO:K02934]
121143458  60S ribosomal protein L6 [KO:K02934]
121133374  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L7-like [KO:K02937]
101835479  Rpl7; 60S ribosomal protein L7 [KO:K02937]
121134137  60S ribosomal protein L7a-like [KO:K02936]
101841383  60S ribosomal protein L7a [KO:K02936]
121142183  60S ribosomal protein L7a-like [KO:K02936]
110343785  Rpl7a; 60S ribosomal protein L7a [KO:K02936]
121136232  Rpl8; 60S ribosomal protein L8 [KO:K02938]
101828194  Rpl9; 60S ribosomal protein L9 [KO:K02940]
121142807  60S ribosomal protein L9-like [KO:K02940]
121138876  60S ribosomal protein L9-like [KO:K02940]
101838917  60S ribosomal protein L9-like [KO:K02940]
101840408  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
101842773  Rpl10l; 60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
121144350  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
101828611  Rpl10; 60S ribosomal protein L10 [KO:K02866]
101844600  Rpl10a; 60S ribosomal protein L10a isoform X1 [KO:K02865]
101838291  60S ribosomal protein L10a-like [KO:K02865]
101827706  60S ribosomal protein L11 [KO:K02868]
101838434  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L11-like [KO:K02868]
101824372  Rpl11; 60S ribosomal protein L11 [KO:K02868]
121138818  60S ribosomal protein L11 [KO:K02868]
121139475  60S ribosomal protein L11-like [KO:K02868]
121141201  60S ribosomal protein L11-like [KO:K02868]
101831107  Rpl12; 60S ribosomal protein L12 [KO:K02870]
101823390  60S ribosomal protein L12-like [KO:K02870]
121139499  60S ribosomal protein L12-like [KO:K02870]
101826936  60S ribosomal protein L12-like [KO:K02870]
101844117  Rpl13; 60S ribosomal protein L13 [KO:K02873]
121135707  60S ribosomal protein L13-like [KO:K02873]
121138880  60S ribosomal protein L13 [KO:K02873]
101844314  60S ribosomal protein L13-like isoform X1 [KO:K02873]
101844094  Rpl13a; 60S ribosomal protein L13a [KO:K02872]
101823143  Rpl14; 60S ribosomal protein L14 isoform X2 [KO:K02875]
101842433  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L14-like [KO:K02875]
101838491  60S ribosomal protein L15 [KO:K02877]
121140926  Rpl15; 60S ribosomal protein L15 [KO:K02877]
101837962  60S ribosomal protein L17-like [KO:K02880]
101838812  60S ribosomal protein L17-like [KO:K02880]
106022229  60S ribosomal protein L17-like [KO:K02880]
101829440  Rpl17; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L17 [KO:K02880]
101842397  60S ribosomal protein L17-like [KO:K02880]
106020844  60S ribosomal protein L17-like [KO:K02880]
101839873  Rpl18; 60S ribosomal protein L18 [KO:K02883]
121140037  60S ribosomal protein L18 [KO:K02883]
110339316  Rpl18a; 60S ribosomal protein L18a [KO:K02882]
101844830  Rpl19; 60S ribosomal protein L19 isoform X1 [KO:K02885]
121136934  60S ribosomal protein L19-like [KO:K02885]
121138752  60S ribosomal protein L19-like [KO:K02885]
101842462  Rpl21; 60S ribosomal protein L21 [KO:K02889]
121141454  60S ribosomal protein L21-like [KO:K02889]
101841053  60S ribosomal protein L21-like [KO:K02889]
121143278  60S ribosomal protein L21-like [KO:K02889]
121136049  60S ribosomal protein L21-like [KO:K02889]
101844682  Rpl22; 60S ribosomal protein L22 [KO:K02891]
101826514  Rpl22l1; 60S ribosomal protein L22-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02891]
101838238  Rpl23; 60S ribosomal protein L23 [KO:K02894]
121140374  60S ribosomal protein L23-like [KO:K02894]
121134253  60S ribosomal protein L23a-like [KO:K02893]
101831506  Rpl23a; 60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
101836070  60S ribosomal protein L23a-like [KO:K02893]
101825466  60S ribosomal protein L23a-like [KO:K02893]
101844803  60S ribosomal protein L23a-like [KO:K02893]
106021605  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L23a-like [KO:K02893]
121140423  60S ribosomal protein L23a-like [KO:K02893]
101831633  60S ribosomal protein L24-like [KO:K02896]
101828190  Rsl24d1; probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 [KO:K02896]
101827593  Rpl24; 60S ribosomal protein L24 [KO:K02896]
101829050  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
101825547  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
101842227  Rpl26; 60S ribosomal protein L26 [KO:K02898]
121140481  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
101826173  Rpl27; 60S ribosomal protein L27 [KO:K02901]
121142015  60S ribosomal protein L27 [KO:K02901]
121142757  60S ribosomal protein L27-like [KO:K02901]
101835786  60S ribosomal protein L27-like [KO:K02901]
101844696  60S ribosomal protein L27-like [KO:K02901]
121139467  60S ribosomal protein L27-like [KO:K02901]
101837133  60S ribosomal protein L27-like [KO:K02901]
101841905  60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
101842263  Rpl27a; 60S ribosomal protein L27a isoform X3 [KO:K02900]
101835378  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
101829728  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
101823529  Rpl28; 60S ribosomal protein L28 [KO:K02903]
101823027  Rpl29; 60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
101825905  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
106021428  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L30-like [KO:K02908]
101823377  Rpl30; 60S ribosomal protein L30 [KO:K02908]
101840270  60S ribosomal protein L30-like [KO:K02908]
121135546  60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
106021571  Rpl31; 60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
101825069  60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
121142238  60S ribosomal protein L31-like [KO:K02910]
101830574  60S ribosomal protein L31-like [KO:K02910]
121142791  60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
121143450  60S ribosomal protein L31-like [KO:K02910]
121144027  60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
101840238  60S ribosomal protein L31-like [KO:K02910]
121141133  60S ribosomal protein L31-like [KO:K02910]
101823088  60S ribosomal protein L31-like [KO:K02910]
101825055  60S ribosomal protein L32 [KO:K02912]
101828607  Rpl32; 60S ribosomal protein L32 [KO:K02912]
121141842  60S ribosomal protein L32-like [KO:K02912]
121141924  60S ribosomal protein L32-like [KO:K02912]
106021327  60S ribosomal protein L32-like [KO:K02912]
101842280  60S ribosomal protein L34-like [KO:K02915]
101823848  Rpl34; 60S ribosomal protein L34 [KO:K02915]
101831204  60S ribosomal protein L34-like [KO:K02915]
110342936  60S ribosomal protein L34-like [KO:K02915]
101836111  60S ribosomal protein L34-like [KO:K02915]
101828626  60S ribosomal protein L34-like [KO:K02915]
101824480  60S ribosomal protein L35-like [KO:K02918]
101839601  Rpl35; 60S ribosomal protein L35 [KO:K02918]
101829615  60S ribosomal protein L35a [KO:K02917]
106021242  Rpl35a; 60S ribosomal protein L35a [KO:K02917]
110339469  60S ribosomal protein L35a-like [KO:K02917]
121133266  60S ribosomal protein L35a-like [KO:K02917]
121144162  60S ribosomal protein L35a-like [KO:K02917]
101829823  Rpl36; 60S ribosomal protein L36 [KO:K02920]
106022109  60S ribosomal protein L36-like [KO:K02920]
101838074  60S ribosomal protein L37-like [KO:K02922]
101828605  Rpl37; 60S ribosomal protein L37 [KO:K02922]
121136697  60S ribosomal protein L37 [KO:K02922]
101840872  60S ribosomal protein L37-like [KO:K02922]
101833092  60S ribosomal protein L37-like [KO:K02922]
101842407  60S ribosomal protein L37-like [KO:K02922]
101843166  60S ribosomal protein L37-like [KO:K02922]
101825310  Rpl37a; 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
101842538  60S ribosomal protein L37a-like [KO:K02921]
101826129  60S ribosomal protein L37a-like [KO:K02921]
101840086  60S ribosomal protein L38-like [KO:K02923]
101841064  60S ribosomal protein L38 [KO:K02923]
101830592  Rpl38; 60S ribosomal protein L38 [KO:K02923]
101831113  60S ribosomal protein L38-like [KO:K02923]
101837868  60S ribosomal protein L38-like [KO:K02923]
101833401  60S ribosomal protein L38-like [KO:K02923]
101843082  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
101836159  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
101824645  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
106021427  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
106021321  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
106021176  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
121141823  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
121142158  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
101833538  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
121142935  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
101838134  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
106022236  Rpl39; 60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
101841879  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
101823019  ubiquitin-like isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
101832155  Uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
101840367  60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
101835069  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101841617  Rpl36al; 60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101829582  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101833808  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101829910  60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
106021847  Rplp0; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 [KO:K02941]
110343767  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like [KO:K02942]
121134002  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like [KO:K02942]
101836623  Rplp1; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 [KO:K02942]
121141513  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 [KO:K02942]
101830564  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like [KO:K02942]
101830402  60S acidic ribosomal protein P2-like [KO:K02943]
101835718  Rplp2; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 isoform X1 [KO:K02943]
106021264  60S acidic ribosomal protein P2-like [KO:K02943]
101837211  60S acidic ribosomal protein P2-like [KO:K02943]
101831114  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III [KO:K06472]
101830753  Syk; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101823280  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101828739  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101843471  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101829045  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101835039  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101831400  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101824564  Plcg1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101831758  Plcg2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101837515  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101824743  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101828136  Prkcg; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101825943  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101841668  Mapk3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101824303  Mapk14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101824910  Mapk13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101826592  Mapk11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101833914  Mapk12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101838156  Tlr2; toll-like receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10159]
101824088  Tlr4; toll-like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]
101828578  Myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
101840275  Tlr7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
101840550  Tlr8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
101824326  Irak4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101830300  Irak1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101830563  Traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101822685  Map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101844616  Tab2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]
101832187  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101827071  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101841730  Mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101831721  Fos; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
101829259  Jun; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
101837015  Chuk; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101834429  Ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101824046  Ikbkg; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
101824408  Nlrp3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
101833858  caspase-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
101843286  Tlr3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
101838597  Ddx58; antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101842719  Isg15; ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 [KO:K12159]
101844185  Ifih1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101826955  Mavs; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X1 [KO:K12648]
101831388  Traf3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
101838877  Ikbke; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101842633  Tbk1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101827541  Irf3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05411]
101831922  Cgas; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase [KO:K17834] [EC:2.7.7.86]
106021433  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase [KO:K17834] [EC:2.7.7.86]
101834236  Sting1; stimulator of interferon genes protein [KO:K12654]
101824534  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
101836898  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
101836618  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
101824794  interferon alpha-9-like [KO:K05414]
121144094  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144095  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144097  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144098  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144100  interferon alpha-9-like [KO:K05414]
121144101  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144102  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144103  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144104  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144105  interferon alpha-12-like [KO:K05414]
121144026  Ifnb1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
101828375  Ifnar1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
106021446  Ifnar2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
101827798  Stat1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
101830537  Stat2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
101826057  Irf9; interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693]
101842183  Adar; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X3 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
121133963  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1A-like [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
121133964  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1A-like [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
106021992  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1A [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
106021986  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1A-like [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
121134052  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1A-like [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101823672  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1A-like [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101832301  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1A [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101832045  Oas3; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101831783  Oas2; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101843869  Mx2; myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 [KO:K14754]
101844121  interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 [KO:K14754]
101836026  Eif2ak2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101834425  C5ar1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04010]
101825453  C3ar1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]
101842900  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
101829676  Cfb; complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]
121136815  Cfd; complement factor D [KO:K01334] [EC:3.4.21.46]
101837460  complement C5 isoform X1 [KO:K03994]
101829672  C6; complement component C6 [KO:K03995]
101829944  C7; complement component C7 isoform X1 [KO:K03996]
101844815  C8a; complement component C8 alpha chain [KO:K03997]
101822474  C8b; complement component C8 beta chain isoform X2 [KO:K03998]
101844697  C8g; complement component C8 gamma chain isoform X3 [KO:K03999]
101824004  C9; complement component C9 [KO:K04000]
101834270  P-selectin isoform X1 [KO:K06496]
101841493  Vwf; von Willebrand factor [KO:K03900]
101825770  C1qa; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]
101825252  C1qb; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K03987]
101825510  C1qc; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C [KO:K03988]
101837653  C1r; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C1r subcomponent [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]
101823163  C1s; calcium-dependent serine proteinase precursor [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]
101829138  C2; complement C2 isoform X1 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]
101830930  C4a; complement C4-A isoform X2 [KO:K03989]
101827972  Mbl2; mannose-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K03991]
101835615  mannose-binding protein A [KO:K03991]
101823015  Masp1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]
101832736  Masp2; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]
101841138  F2; prothrombin isoform X2 [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
101829678  F13a1; coagulation factor XIII A chain [KO:K03917] [EC:2.3.2.13]
101830601  F13b; coagulation factor XIII B chain [KO:K03906]
101833166  Fga; fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
101833425  Fgb; fibrinogen beta chain [KO:K03904]
101832727  Fgg; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00046  RNA
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C00873  Angiotensin I
C02135  Angiotensin II
C15850  Angiotensin (1-7)
C20640  Cyclic GMP-AMP
Reference
PMID:33132005
  Authors
Harrison AG, Lin T, Wang P
  Title
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis.
  Journal
Trends Immunol S1471-4906(20)30233-7 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004
Reference
PMID:33077917
  Authors
Perico L, Benigni A, Casiraghi F, Ng LFP, Renia L, Remuzzi G
  Title
Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4
Reference
PMID:32820801
  Authors
Battagello DS, Dragunas G, Klein MO, Ayub ALP, Velloso FJ, Correa RG
  Title
Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.
  Journal
Clin Sci (Lond) 134:2137-2160 (2020)
DOI:10.1042/CS20200904
Reference
PMID:32353634
  Authors
Felsenstein S, Herbert JA, McNamara PS, Hedrich CM
  Title
COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 215:108448 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108448
Reference
PMID:33014208
  Authors
Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T
  Title
How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality.
  Journal
Inflamm Regen 40:37 (2020)
DOI:10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3
Reference
PMID:32544563
  Authors
Mahmudpour M, Roozbeh J, Keshavarz M, Farrokhi S, Nabipour I
  Title
COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation.
  Journal
Cytokine 133:155151 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155151
Reference
PMID:32635353
  Authors
Farooqi F, Dhawan N, Morgan R, Dinh J, Nedd K, Yatzkan G
  Title
Treatment of Severe COVID-19 with Tocilizumab Mitigates Cytokine Storm and Averts Mechanical Ventilation During Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report and Literature Review.
  Journal
Trop Med Infect Dis 5:E112 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed5030112
Reference
PMID:32376392
  Authors
Jamilloux Y, Henry T, Belot A, Viel S, Fauter M, El Jammal T, Walzer T, Francois B, Seve P
  Title
Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions.
  Journal
Autoimmun Rev 19:102567 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102567
Reference
PMID:32722596
  Authors
Kiselevskiy M, Shubina I, Chikileva I, Sitdikova S, Samoylenko I, Anisimova N, Kirgizov K, Suleimanova A, Gorbunova T, Varfolomeeva S
  Title
Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Intoxication: Storm or Silence?
  Journal
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 13:E166 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ph13080166
Reference
PMID:32922297
  Authors
Curran CS, Rivera DR, Kopp JB
  Title
COVID-19 Usurps Host Regulatory Networks.
  Journal
Front Pharmacol 11:1278 (2020)
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2020.01278
Reference
PMID:33055229
  Authors
Quan C, Li C, Ma H, Li Y, Zhang H
  Title
Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Potential Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 34:e00074-20 (2020)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.00074-20
Reference
PMID:32973803
  Authors
Ahmed-Hassan H, Sisson B, Shukla RK, Wijewantha Y, Funderburg NT, Li Z, Hayes D Jr, Demberg T, Liyanage NPM
  Title
Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections.
  Journal
Front Immunol 11:1979 (2020)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01979
Reference
PMID:32346093
  Authors
Tay MZ, Poh CM, Renia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP
  Title
The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:363-374 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
Reference
PMID:32979938
  Authors
Xia H, Cao Z, Xie X, Zhang X, Chen JY, Wang H, Menachery VD, Rajsbaum R, Shi PY
  Title
Evasion of Type I Interferon by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Cell Rep 33:108234 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108234
Reference
PMID:32661197
  Authors
Hartenian E, Nandakumar D, Lari A, Ly M, Tucker JM, Glaunsinger BA
  Title
The molecular virology of coronaviruses.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 295:12910-12934 (2020)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.REV120.013930
Reference
PMID:32978971
  Authors
Amor S, Fernandez Blanco L, Baker D
  Title
Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage.
  Journal
Clin Exp Immunol 202:193-209 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/cei.13523
Reference
PMID:32467561
  Authors
Catanzaro M, Fagiani F, Racchi M, Corsini E, Govoni S, Lanni C
  Title
Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:84 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41392-020-0191-1
Reference
PMID:32687918
  Authors
Jafarzadeh A, Chauhan P, Saha B, Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M
  Title
Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions.
  Journal
Life Sci 257:118102 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118102
Reference
PMID:32376901
  Authors
Merad M, Martin JC
  Title
Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:355-362 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4
Reference
PMID:32246101
  Authors
South AM, Tomlinson L, Edmonston D, Hiremath S, Sparks MA
  Title
Controversies of renin-angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 16:305-307 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41581-020-0279-4
Reference
PMID:32433641
  Authors
Furuhashi M, Moniwa N, Takizawa H, Ura N, Shimamoto K
  Title
Potential differential effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung injury in COVID-19.
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Hypertens Res 43:837-840 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32423094
  Authors
Gemmati D, Bramanti B, Serino ML, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Tisato V
  Title
COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?
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Int J Mol Sci 21:E3474 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ijms21103474
Reference
PMID:33184193
  Authors
Kielian M
  Title
Enhancing host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Science 370:765-766 (2020)
DOI:10.1126/science.abf0732
Reference
PMID:32327719
  Authors
Risitano AM, Mastellos DC, Huber-Lang M, Yancopoulou D, Garlanda C, Ciceri F, Lambris JD
  Title
Complement as a target in COVID-19?
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:343-344 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0320-7
Reference
PMID:32461141
  Authors
Noris M, Benigni A, Remuzzi G
  Title
The case of complement activation in COVID-19 multiorgan impact.
  Journal
Kidney Int 98:314-322 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.013
Reference
PMID:32559343
  Authors
Polycarpou A, Howard M, Farrar CA, Greenlaw R, Fanelli G, Wallis R, Klavinskis LS, Sacks S
  Title
Rationale for targeting complement in COVID-19.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 12:e12642 (2020)
DOI:10.15252/emmm.202012642
Reference
PMID:32439870
  Authors
Teuwen LA, Geldhof V, Pasut A, Carmeliet P
  Title
COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:389-391 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0343-0
Reference
PMID:32643798
  Authors
Jodele S, Kohl J
  Title
Tackling COVID-19 infection through complement-targeted immunotherapy.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 178:2832-2848 (2021)
DOI:10.1111/bph.15187
Reference
PMID:32608159
  Authors
Chauhan AJ, Wiffen LJ, Brown TP
  Title
COVID-19: A collision of complement, coagulation and inflammatory pathways.
  Journal
J Thromb Haemost 18:2110-2117 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/jth.14981
Reference
PMID:32558620
  Authors
Colling ME, Kanthi Y
  Title
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: An exploration of mechanisms.
  Journal
Vasc Med 25:471-478 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/1358863X20932640
Reference
PMID:32586214
  Authors
McFadyen JD, Stevens H, Peter K
  Title
The Emerging Threat of (Micro)Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Circ Res 127:571-587 (2020)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317447
Reference
PMID:32995777
  Authors
Shi M, Wang L, Fontana P, Vora S, Zhang Y, Fu TM, Lieberman J, Wu H
  Title
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses host but not viral translation through a bipartite mechanism.
  Journal
bioRxiv 2020.09.18.302901 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/2020.09.18.302901
Reference
PMID:32693241
  Authors
Paniri A, Akhavan-Niaki H
  Title
Emerging role of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19: Role of lncRNAs in cytokine storm modulation.
  Journal
Life Sci 257:118114 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118114
Reference
PMID:32405269
  Authors
Omarjee L, Janin A, Perrot F, Laviolle B, Meilhac O, Mahe G
  Title
Targeting T-cell senescence and cytokine storm with rapamycin to prevent severe progression in COVID-19.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 216:108464 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108464
Reference
PMID:32337664
  Authors
Zhang S, Li L, Shen A, Chen Y, Qi Z
  Title
Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.
  Journal
Clin Drug Investig 40:511-518 (2020)
DOI:10.1007/s40261-020-00917-3
Related
pathway
maua03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
maua04144  Endocytosis
maua04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
maua04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
maua04611  Platelet activation
maua04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
maua04614  Renin-angiotensin system
maua04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
maua04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
maua04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
maua04623  Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
maua04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
maua04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
maua04666  Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
maua04668  TNF signaling pathway
maua04670  Leukocyte transendothelial migration
KO pathway
ko05171   
LinkDB

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