Entry
Name
Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon)
Description
The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regulate the blood flow and pressure.
The principal mechanisms that regulate the contractile state of VSMCs are changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). In response to vasoconstrictor stimuli, Ca2+ is mobilized from intracellular stores and/or the extracellular space to increase [Ca2+]c in VSMCs. The increase in [Ca2+]c, in turn, activates the Ca2+-CaM-MLCK pathway and stimulates MLC20 phosphorylation, leading to myosin-actin interactions and, hence, the development of contractile force. The sensitivity of contractile myofilaments or MLC20 phosphorylation to Ca2+ can be secondarily modulated by other signaling pathways. During receptor stimulation, the contractile force is greatly enhanced by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. Rho/Rho kinase, PKC, and arachidonic acid have been proposed to play a pivotal role in this enhancement.
The signaling events that mediate relaxation include the removal of a contractile agonist (passive relaxation) and activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways in the continued presence of a contractile agonist (active relaxation). Active relaxation occurs through the inhibition of both Ca2+ mobilization and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in VSMCs.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
oki04270 Vascular smooth muscle contraction
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) [GN:
oki ]
Gene
109868066 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
109876572 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
109892404 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
109902532 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
109895676 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
109897876 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X3 [KO:K04635 ]
109890384 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
109879717 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
109882135 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936 ]
109890060 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04936 ]
109899946 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936 ]
109899813 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936 ]
109898788 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04938 ]
109875397 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04938 ]
109872304 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2-like [KO:K04938 ]
109875396 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3-like [KO:K04939 ]
109885031 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4-like [KO:K04941 ]
116360540 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4-like [KO:K04941 ]
109882530 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C-like [KO:K04850 ]
109869746 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851 ]
109891346 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
109907825 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
109892681 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
109869700 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F-like [KO:K04853 ]
109869670 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
109891316 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
109885052 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F-like [KO:K04857 ]
109899957 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
109896842 plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
109886387 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3-like [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
109900392 plcb4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
109898016 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958 ]
109891520 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
109891193 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
109895256 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
109889517 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
109866991 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
109869089 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
109905493 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A isoform X2 [KO:K12328 ]
109896632 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A-like isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
109910297 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A-like isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
109881399 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A-like isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
109882082 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A-like isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
109908122 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B isoform X1 [KO:K12329 ]
109889359 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C-like isoform X1 [KO:K17457 ]
109865734 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform X1 [KO:K17457 ]
109885709 gna12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
109870070 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04639 ]
109865520 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13-like [KO:K04639 ]
109892921 rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12-like isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
109908863 rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12-like isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
109881774 rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12330 ]
109906396 rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11-like isoform X1 [KO:K12331 ]
109908045 rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoA-C-like isoform X2 [KO:K04513 ]
109871401 calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04577 ]
109867578 receptor activity-modifying protein 1-like isoform X2 [KO:K08447 ]
109899014 receptor activity-modifying protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08449 ]
109869198 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632 ]
109889525 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
109907814 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04632 ]
109875168 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04632 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Akata T
Title
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 2: regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ogut O, Brozovich FV
Title
Regulation of force in vascular smooth muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hilgers RH, Webb RC
Title
Molecular aspects of arterial smooth muscle contraction: focus on Rho.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schlossmann J, Feil R, Hofmann F
Title
Signaling through NO and cGMP-dependent protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mehta PK, Griendling KK
Title
Angiotensin II cell signaling: physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim HR, Appel S, Vetterkind S, Gangopadhyay SS, Morgan KG
Title
Smooth muscle signalling pathways in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukata Y, Amano M, Kaibuchi K
Title
Rho-Rho-kinase pathway in smooth muscle contraction and cytoskeletal reorganization of non-muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dimopoulos GJ, Semba S, Kitazawa K, Eto M, Kitazawa T
Title
Ca2+-dependent rapid Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in arterial smooth muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hynynen MM, Khalil RA
Title
The vascular endothelin system in hypertension--recent patents and discoveries.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brain SD, Grant AD
Title
Vascular actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roman RJ
Title
P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Surks HK
Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and smooth muscle relaxation: a tale of two isoforms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vanhoutte PM
Title
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations: the history.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Davis MJ, Hill MA
Title
Signaling mechanisms underlying the vascular myogenic response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fleming I.
Title
Cytochrome p450 and vascular homeostasis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Carvajal JA, Germain AM, Huidobro-Toro JP, Weiner CP
Title
Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ko EA, Han J, Jung ID, Park WS
Title
Physiological roles of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Woodard GE, Rosado JA
Title
Natriuretic peptides in vascular physiology and pathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, Webb RC, Johns DG
Title
Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hirano K, Hirano M, Kanaide H
Title
Regulation of myosin phosphorylation and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Freeman EJ, Ruehr ML, Dorman RV
Title
ANG II-induced translocation of cytosolic PLA2 to the nucleus in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy TV, Spurrell BE, Hill MA
Title
Cellular signalling in arteriolar myogenic constriction: involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs