KEGG   PATHWAY: rno05415
Entry
rno05415                    Pathway                                
Name
Diabetic cardiomyopathy - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been defined as left ventricular dysfunction that occurs among patients with diabetes mellitus independent of a recognized cause such as coronary artery disease or hypertension. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy broadly involves hyperglycemia, increased circulating fatty acids, and insulin resistance contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium metabolism, Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) activation, and altered substrate metabolism. These effects result in cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte death, contractile dysfunction, endothelial cell damage and eventually heart failure. In the process of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac fibroblasts are the final effector cell.
Class
Human Diseases; Cardiovascular disease
Pathway map
rno05415  Diabetic cardiomyopathy
rno05415

Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:rno]
Gene
24778  Slc2a1; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 [KO:K07299]
25139  Slc2a4; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 [KO:K07191]
360518  Gfpt2; glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 [KO:K00820] [EC:2.6.1.16]
297417  Gfpt1; glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1 [KO:K00820] [EC:2.6.1.16]
25400  Camk2a; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
24246  Camk2d; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
24245  Camk2b; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
171140  Camk2g; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
29248  Tnni3; troponin I, cardiac muscle [KO:K12044]
689560  Ryr2; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04962]
64672  Pln; cardiac phospholamban [KO:K05852]
116601  Atp2a1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
25391  Atp2a3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
29693  Atp2a2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform b [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
24790  Sp1; transcription factor Sp1 [KO:K04684]
24179  Agt; angiotensinogen precursor [KO:K09821]
24715  Ren; renin precursor [KO:K01380] [EC:3.4.23.15]
25627  Cma1; chymase precursor [KO:K01329] [EC:3.4.21.39]
100360872  Mcpt1l1; mast cell protease 1 preproprotein [KO:K01329] [EC:3.4.21.39]
25023  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform 2 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
81722  Ager; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor precursor [KO:K19722]
66021  Cybb; cytochrome b-245 beta chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
114553  Ncf1; neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 [KO:K08011]
79129  Cyba; cytochrome b-245 light chain [KO:K08009]
364018  Ncf2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 [KO:K08010]
500904  Ncf4; neutrophil cytosol factor 4 [KO:K08012]
363875  Rac1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
366957  Rac2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
24180  Agtr1a; type-1 angiotensin II receptor A [KO:K04166]
81638  Agtr1b; type-1 angiotensin II receptor B [KO:K04166]
81736  Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 [KO:K02580]
309165  Rela; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
81649  Mapk14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
60352  Mapk12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
29513  Mapk13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
689314  Mapk11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
25272  Mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
50658  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116554  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
81686  Mmp2; 72 kDa type IV collagenase precursor [KO:K01398] [EC:3.4.24.24]
81687  Mmp9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 precursor [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
84352  Col1a2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236]
29393  Col1a1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236]
84032  Col3a1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain precursor [KO:K19720]
59086  Tgfb1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein precursor [KO:K13375]
81809  Tgfb2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein precursor [KO:K13376]
25717  Tgfb3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein preproprotein [KO:K13377]
29184  Cd36; platelet glycoprotein 4 [KO:K06259]
499985  Cd36l1; CD36 molecule like 1 [KO:K06259]
120093085  Cd36-ps1; platelet glycoprotein 4-like [KO:K06259]
134486712  platelet glycoprotein 4-like [KO:K06259]
25747  Ppara; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [KO:K07294]
25756  Cpt1b; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [KO:K19523] [EC:2.3.1.21]
296849  Pdk3; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 3 [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
81530  Pdk2; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 2 [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
89813  Pdk4; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
24680  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
170538  Prkcd; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
362102  Ptpa; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator [KO:K17605]
24668  Ppp1ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
24669  Ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
25594  Ppp1cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
171293  Ctsd; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
25522  Prkcz; protein kinase C zeta type [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
25413  Cpt2; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K08766] [EC:2.3.1.21]
24506  Ins2; insulin-2 preproprotein [KO:K04526]
24505  Ins1; insulin-1 preproprotein [KO:K04526]
24954  Insr; insulin receptor preproprotein [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
25467  Irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
85243  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
170911  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
366508  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
134484121  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
25513  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
60664  Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
29741  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
50557  Pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
24185  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
25233  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
29414  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
56718  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
84027  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
25623  Gys2; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
690987  Gys1; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
306117  Tbc1d4; similar to TBC1 domain family member 4 [KO:K17902]
503429  Mpc1l; mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1-like protein [KO:K22138]
171087  Mpc1; mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 [KO:K22138]
100359982  Mpc2; mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 isoform 1 [KO:K22139]
117098  Pdha2; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
29554  Pdha1; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
289950  Pdhb; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
26193  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
26194  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
26199  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
26201  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
26200  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
26202  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
26203  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
293655  Ndufv1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
81728  Ndufv2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
64539  Ndufv3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform 2 [KO:K03944]
363441  Ndufa1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
291660  Ndufa2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
120099907  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2-like [KO:K03946]
691001  Ndufa3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
681024  Ndufa4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
100362331  Ndufa4l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
25488  Ndufa5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
315167  Ndufa6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
299643  Ndufa7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
120101567  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7-like [KO:K03951]
296658  Ndufa8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
362440  Ndufa9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
316632  Ndufa10l1; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 10-like [KO:K03954]
678759  Ndufa10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03954]
293453  Ndufab1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
301123  Ndufa11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
299739  Ndufa12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
100911483  Ndufa13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
100912357  Ndufb1; nADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
362344  Ndufb2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
301427  Ndufb3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
103690609  Ndufb3l1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03959]
103694107  Ndufb3l3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03959]
103691697  Ndufb3l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03959]
120098318  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03959]
288088  Ndufb4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
499131  Ndufb4l3; similar to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase B15 subunit [KO:K03960]
100361934  Ndufb4l4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4-like [KO:K03960]
103691107  Ndufb4l5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4-like [KO:K03960]
120094308  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4-like [KO:K03960]
501886  Ndufb4l1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4-like [KO:K03960]
294964  Ndufb5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
297990  Ndufb6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
361385  Ndufb7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
293991  Ndufb8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
299954  Ndufb9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
681418  Ndufb10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
299310  Ndufb11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
301458  Ndufs1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
289218  Ndufs2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
295923  Ndufs3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
499529  Ndufs4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03937]
362588  Ndufs5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
679739  Ndufs6; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6-like 1 [KO:K03939]
362837  Ndufs7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
293652  Ndufs8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
689938  Ndufc1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
293130  Ndufc2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
157074  Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
298596  Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
289217  Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
363061  Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
291103  Uqcrfs1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
26192  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
300047  Cyc1; cytochrome c-1 [KO:K00413]
301011  Uqcrc1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00414]
293448  Uqcrc2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00415]
366448  Uqcrh; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
362897  Uqcrb; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
103693740  Uqcrbl2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
685596  Uqcrbl1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
497902  Uqcrq; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
685322  Uqcr10; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex 7.2kDa protein [KO:K00419]
690848  Uqcr11; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit XI [KO:K00420]
120097699  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10-like [KO:K00420]
100362798  Uqcr11l1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10-like [KO:K00420]
26204  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
26195  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
26198  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
84683  Cox4i2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform 2 precursor [KO:K02263]
29445  Cox4i1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02263]
252934  Cox5a; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02264]
100361008  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02264]
94194  Cox5b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02265]
25278  Cox6a2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02266]
25282  Cox6a1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02266]
688869  Cox6b1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
654441  Cox6b2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
120103152  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
54322  Cox6c; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2 [KO:K02268]
120098258  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2-like [KO:K02268]
29507  Cox7a2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02270]
298762  Cox7a2l; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2 like isoform 1 [KO:K02270]
688386  Cox7a2l2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
687508  Cox7a1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1 [KO:K02270]
303393  Cox7b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02271]
100361960  Cox7b2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2 [KO:K02271]
100188937  Cox7c; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
100360357  Cox7cl1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
120095266  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
25250  Cox8b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02273]
360229  Cox8c; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
171335  Cox8a; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02273]
65262  Atp5f1a; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02132]
171374  Atp5f1b; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
116550  Atp5f1c; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial [KO:K02136]
245965  Atp5f1d; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02134]
245958  Atp5f1e; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
100361879  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
26197  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
171375  Atp5pb; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02127]
171082  Atp5mc2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02128]
114630  Atp5mc3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02128]
29754  Atp5mc1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02128]
100361833  Atp5mc2l1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
499512  Atp5mc2l2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
689961  Atp5mc1l1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
366614  Atp5mc1l2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
120098314  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
641434  Atp5pd; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
688022  Atp5pdl1; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
192241  Atp5po; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02137]
94271  Atp5pf; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02131]
26196  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
83529  Vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
83531  Vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
83532  Vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
25176  Slc25a5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
85333  Slc25a4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
689108  Slc25a31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
498885  Slc25a6; solute carrier family 25 member 6 [KO:K05863]
500871  Slc25a5l1; ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
282819  Ppif; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
24681  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
24600  Nos3; nitric oxide synthase 3 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
24383  Gapdh; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
303448  Gapdhl6; similar to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
290604  Gapdhl10; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
295423  Gapdhl9; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
120101714  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
120096209  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
108352954  Gapdhl3; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
108349792  Gapdhl2; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
134480667  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
134480898  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
134483684  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
134486952  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
134487102  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
25591  Parp1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
24377  G6pd; glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
116686  Gsr; glutathione reductase [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
29591  Tgfbr1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 precursor [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
81810  Tgfbr2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 precursor [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
29357  Smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500]
25631  Smad3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
24654  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
29322  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
85240  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
25031  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
24310  Ace; angiotensin-converting enzyme precursor [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
498012  Ace3; angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 3 precursor [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00002  ATP
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00022  Pyruvate
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00031  D-Glucose
C00043  UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
C00051  Glutathione
C00076  Calcium cation
C00085  D-Fructose 6-phosphate
C00092  D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C00095  D-Fructose
C00118  D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00162  Fatty acid
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00195  N-Acylsphingosine
C00236  3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate
C00318  L-Carnitine
C00352  D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate
C00369  Starch
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00704  Superoxide
C00794  D-Sorbitol
C00873  Angiotensin I
C02135  Angiotensin II
C02843  Long-chain acyl-CoA
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06156  alpha-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
C22310  Fructose 3-phosphate
C22311  3-Deoxyglucosone
Reference
PMID:30443826
  Authors
Riehle C, Bauersachs J
  Title
Of mice and men: models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
Basic Res Cardiol 114:2 (2018)
DOI:10.1007/s00395-018-0711-0
Reference
PMID:24462787
  Authors
Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH
  Title
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 142:375-415 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003
Reference
PMID:28231848
  Authors
Lorenzo-Almoros A, Tunon J, Orejas M, Cortes M, Egido J, Lorenzo O
  Title
Diagnostic approaches for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Diabetol 16:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s12933-017-0506-x
Reference
PMID:32080423
  Authors
Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Wintergerst KA, Keller BB, Cai L
  Title
Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cardiol 17:585-607 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:31212580
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Zamora M, Villena JA
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Contribution of Impaired Insulin Signaling to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
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Int J Mol Sci 20:E2833 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/ijms20112833
Reference
PMID:29605388
  Authors
Palomer X, Pizarro-Delgado J, Vazquez-Carrera M
  Title
Emerging Actors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Heartbreaker Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets?
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 39:452-467 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.010
Reference
PMID:28439258
  Authors
Mishra PK, Ying W, Nandi SS, Bandyopadhyay GK, Patel KK, Mahata SK
  Title
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Immunometabolic Perspective.
  Journal
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8:72 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2017.00072
Reference
PMID:28177068
  Authors
Chong CR, Clarke K, Levelt E
  Title
Metabolic Remodeling in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 113:422-430 (2017)
DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvx018
Reference
PMID:11742414
  Authors
Brownlee M
  Title
Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications.
  Journal
Nature 414:813-20 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/414813a
Reference
PMID:32821697
  Authors
Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H
  Title
Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
J Lipid Atheroscler 8:26-47 (2019)
DOI:10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.26
Reference
PMID:17592090
  Authors
Boudina S, Abel ED
  Title
Diabetic cardiomyopathy revisited.
  Journal
Circulation 115:3213-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.679597
Reference
PMID:29109032
  Authors
Varma U, Koutsifeli P, Benson VL, Mellor KM, Delbridge LMD
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of cardiac pathology in diabetes - Experimental insights.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1864:1949-1959 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.035
Reference
PMID:23147391
  Authors
Mandavia CH, Aroor AR, Demarco VG, Sowers JR
  Title
Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
  Journal
Life Sci 92:601-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.028
Reference
PMID:21626163
  Authors
Falcao-Pires I, Leite-Moreira AF
  Title
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: understanding the molecular and cellular basis to progress in diagnosis and treatment.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 17:325-44 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-011-9257-z
Reference
PMID:27148064
  Authors
Westermeier F, Riquelme JA, Pavez M, Garrido V, Diaz A, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, Garcia L, Lavandero S
  Title
New Molecular Insights of Insulin in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
Front Physiol 7:125 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2016.00125
Reference
PMID:33276047
  Authors
Randhawa VK, Dhanvantari S, Connelly K
  Title
How Diabetes and Heart Failure Modulate Each Other and Condition Management.
  Journal
Can J Cardiol S0828-282X(20)31115-6 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.11.014
Reference
PMID:31641426
  Authors
Athithan L, Gulsin GS, McCann GP, Levelt E
  Title
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, theories and evidence to date.
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World J Diabetes 10:490-510 (2019)
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J Card Fail 16:971-9 (2010)
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Reference
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  Title
Cardiac-specific suppression of NF-kappaB signaling prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system.
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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307:H1036-45 (2014)
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Reference
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  Title
My Sweetheart Is Broken: Role of Glucose in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
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Reference
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  Title
Intracellular angiotensin II production in diabetic rats is correlated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis.
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Diabetes 57:3297-306 (2008)
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Reference
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Singh VP, Baker KM, Kumar R
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Reference
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  Title
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Nat Rev Endocrinol 12:144-53 (2016)
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Reference
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Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance.
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Conundrum of pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: role of vascular endothelial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondria.
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Mol Cell Biochem 386:233-49 (2014)
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Vascular endothelial dysfunction, a major mediator in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Acta Pharmacol Sin 40:1-8 (2019)
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Reference
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  Title
The pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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J Am Coll Cardiol 47:693-700 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:32024054
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  Title
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Related
pathway
rno00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
rno00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
rno00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
rno00520  Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
rno03320  PPAR signaling pathway
rno04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
rno04150  mTOR signaling pathway
rno04210  Apoptosis
rno04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
rno04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
rno04614  Renin-angiotensin system
rno04910  Insulin signaling pathway
rno04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
rno04931  Insulin resistance
rno04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
rno04940  Type I diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko05415   
LinkDB

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