NED with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features (NEDMAGA)
NED with behavioral abnormalities, absent speech, and hypotonia (NEDBASH)
NED with involuntary movement and abnormal electroencephalogram (NEDIMAE)
NED with hypotonia and autistic features with hyperkinetic movements (NEDHAHM)
NED with hypotonia, neonatal respiratory insufficiency, and thermodysregulation (NEDHRIT)
NED with hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities (NEDHFBA)
NED with hypotonia and brain abnormalities (NEDHYBA)
NED with seizures and brain abnormalities (NEDSBA)
NED with dysmorphic facies, impaired speech and hypotonia (NEDDISH)
NED with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia (NEDEMA)
NED with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skin abnormalities (NEDHFS)
NED with hypotonia, speech delay, with or without seizures (NEDHSS)
NED with spasticity and transient opisthotonus (NEDSTO)
NED with intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity (NEDIHSS)
NED with neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities (NEDNMS)
NED with motor regression, progressive spastic paraplegia, and oromotor dysfunction (NEDRSO)
NED with motor abnormalities, seizures, and facial dysmorphism (NEDMSF)
NED with hypotonia and characteristic brain abnormalities (NEDHBA)
NED with hypotonia and cerebellar atrophy (NEDHCAS)
NED with dystonia and seizures (NEDDS)
NED with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia (NEDHYD)
NED with hypotonia, impaired expressive language, and seizures (NEDHELS)
NED with hypotonia, craniofacial abnormalities, and seizures (NEDHCS)
NED with progressive movement abnormalities (NEDPM)
NED with early-onset parkinsonism and behavioral abnormalities (NEDPBA)
NED with thin corpus callosum, hypotonia, and absent language (NEDTCHAL)
NED with or without variable movement or behavioral abnormalities (NEDMAB)

Syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder [DS:H02459]

Palmer EE, Kumar R, Gordon CT, Shaw M, Hubert L, Carroll R, Rio M, Murray L, Leffler M, Dudding-Byth T, Oufadem M, Lalani SR, Lewis AM, Xia F, Tam A, Webster R, Brammah S, Filippini F, Pollard J, Spies J, Minoche AE, Cowley MJ, Risen S, Powell-Hamilton NN, Tusi JE, Immken L, Nagakura H, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Garrigue A, de Saint Basile G, Kivuva E, Scott RH, Rendon A, Munnich A, Newman W, Kerr B, Besmond C, Rosenfeld JA, Amiel J, Field M, Gecz J

A Recurrent De Novo Nonsense Variant in ZSWIM6 Results in Severe Intellectual Disability without Frontonasal or Limb Malformations.

Am J Hum Genet 101:995-1005 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.10.009

Tischfield DJ, Saraswat DK, Furash A, Fowler SC, Fuccillo MV, Anderson SA

Loss of the neurodevelopmental gene Zswim6 alters striatal morphology and motor regulation.

Neurobiol Dis 103:174-183 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.013

Dias CM, Punetha J, Zheng C, Mazaheri N, Rad A, Efthymiou S, Petersen A, Dehghani M, Pehlivan D, Partlow JN, Posey JE, Salpietro V, Gezdirici A, Malamiri RA, Al Menabawy NM, Selim LA, Vahidi Mehrjardi MY, Banu S, Polla DL, Yang E, Rezazadeh Varaghchi J, Mitani T, van Beusekom E, Najafi M, Sedaghat A, Keller-Ramey J, Durham L, Coban-Akdemir Z, Karaca E, Orlova V, Schaeken LLM, Sherafat A, Jhangiani SN, Stanley V, Shariati G, Galehdari H, Gleeson JG, Walsh CA, Lupski JR, Seiradake E, Houlden H, van Bokhoven H, Maroofian R

Homozygous Missense Variants in NTNG2, Encoding a Presynaptic Netrin-G2 Adhesion Protein, Lead to a Distinct Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

Am J Hum Genet 105:1048-1056 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.025

Baker K, Gordon SL, Melland H, Bumbak F, Scott DJ, Jiang TJ, Owen D, Turner BJ, Boyd SG, Rossi M, Al-Raqad M, Elpeleg O, Peck D, Mancini GMS, Wilke M, Zollino M, Marangi G, Weigand H, Borggraefe I, Haack T, Stark Z, Sadedin S, Tan TY, Jiang Y, Gibbs RA, Ellingwood S, Amaral M, Kelley W, Kurian MA, Cousin MA, Raymond FL

SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: a case series.

Brain 141:2576-2591 (2018)
DOI:10.1093/brain/awy209

Salpietro V, Malintan NT, Llano-Rivas I, Spaeth CG, Efthymiou S, Striano P, Vandrovcova J, Cutrupi MC, Chimenz R, David E, Di Rosa G, Marce-Grau A, Raspall-Chaure M, Martin-Hernandez E, Zara F, Minetti C, Bello OD, De Zorzi R, Fortuna S, Dauber A, Alkhawaja M, Sultan T, Mankad K, Vitobello A, Thomas Q, Mau-Them FT, Faivre L, Martinez-Azorin F, Prada CE, Macaya A, Kullmann DM, Rothman JE, Krishnakumar SS, Houlden H

Mutations in the Neuronal Vesicular SNARE VAMP2 Affect Synaptic Membrane Fusion and Impair Human Neurodevelopment.

Am J Hum Genet 104:721-730 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.02.016

Wagner M, Skorobogatko Y, Pode-Shakked B, Powell CM, Alhaddad B, Seibt A, Barel O, Heimer G, Hoffmann C, Demmer LA, Perilla-Young Y, Remke M, Wieczorek D, Navaratnarajah T, Lichtner P, Klee D, Shamseldin HE, Al Mutairi F, Mayatepek E, Strom T, Meitinger T, Alkuraya FS, Anikster Y, Saltiel AR, Distelmaier F

Bi-allelic Variants in RALGAPA1 Cause Profound Neurodevelopmental Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, Infantile Spasms, and Feeding Abnormalities.

Am J Hum Genet 106:246-255 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.002

Rehman AU, Najafi M, Kambouris M, Al-Gazali L, Makrythanasis P, Rad A, Maroofian R, Rajab A, Stark Z, Hunter JV, Bakey Z, Tokita MJ, He W, Vetrini F, Petersen A, Santoni FA, Hamamy H, Wu K, Al-Jasmi F, Helmstadter M, Arnold SJ, Xia F, Richmond C, Liu P, Karimiani EG, Karami Madani G, Lunke S, El-Shanti H, Eng CM, Antonarakis SE, Hertecant J, Walkiewicz M, Yang Y, Schmidts M

Biallelic loss of function variants in PPP1R21 cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome with impaired endocytic function.

Hum Mutat 40:267-280 (2019)
DOI:10.1002/humu.23694

Duncan AR, Polovitskaya MM, Gaitan-Penas H, Bertelli S, VanNoy GE, Grant PE, O'Donnell-Luria A, Valivullah Z, Lovgren AK, England EM, Agolini E, Madden JA, Schmitz-Abe K, Kritzer A, Hawley P, Novelli A, Alfieri P, Colafati GS, Wieczorek D, Platzer K, Luppe J, Koch-Hogrebe M, Abou Jamra R, Neira-Fresneda J, Lehman A, Boerkoel CF, Seath K, Clarke L, van Ierland Y, Argilli E, Sherr EH, Maiorana A, Diel T, Hempel M, Bierhals T, Estevez R, Jentsch TJ, Pusch M, Agrawal PB

Unique variants in CLCN3, encoding an endosomal anion/proton exchanger, underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Am J Hum Genet 108:1450-1465 (2021)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.06.003

Anazi S, Maddirevula S, Salpietro V, Asi YT, Alsahli S, Alhashem A, Shamseldin HE, AlZahrani F, Patel N, Ibrahim N, Abdulwahab FM, Hashem M, Alhashmi N, Al Murshedi F, Al Kindy A, Alshaer A, Rumayyan A, Al Tala S, Kurdi W, Alsaman A, Alasmari A, Banu S, Sultan T, Saleh MM, Alkuraya H, Salih MA, Aldhalaan H, Ben-Omran T, Al Musafri F, Ali R, Suleiman J, Tabarki B, El-Hattab AW, Bupp C, Alfadhel M, Al Tassan N, Monies D, Arold ST, Abouelhoda M, Lashley T, Houlden H, Faqeih E, Alkuraya FS

Expanding the genetic heterogeneity of intellectual disability.

Hum Genet 136:1419-1429 (2017)
DOI:10.1007/s00439-017-1843-2

Lu S, Ma M, Mao X, Bacino CA, Jankovic J, Sutton VR, Bartley JA, Wang X, Rosenfeld JA, Beleza-Meireles A, Chauhan J, Pan X, Li M, Liu P, Prescott K, Amin S, Davies G, Wangler MF, Dai Y, Bellen HJ

De novo variants in FRMD5 are associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, and abnormalities of eye movement.

Am J Hum Genet 109:1932-1943 (2022)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.09.005

Morava E, Schatz UA, Torring PM, Abbott MA, Baumann M, Brasch-Andersen C, Chevalier N, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Fleger M, Haack TB, Nelson S, Potelle S, Radenkovic S, Bommer GT, Van Schaftingen E, Veiga-da-Cunha M

Impaired glucose-1,6-biphosphate production due to bi-allelic PGM2L1 mutations is associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Am J Hum Genet 108:1151-1160 (2021)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.017

Paul MS, Duncan AR, Genetti CA, Pan H, Jackson A, Grant PE, Shi J, Pinelli M, Brunetti-Pierri N, Garza-Flores A, Shahani D, Saneto RP, Zampino G, Leoni C, Agolini E, Novelli A, Blumlein U, Haack TB, Heinritz W, Matzker E, Alhaddad B, Abou Jamra R, Bartolomaeus T, AlHamdan S, Carapito R, Isidor B, Bahram S, Ritter A, Izumi K, Shakked BP, Barel O, Ben Zeev B, Begtrup A, Carere DA, Mullegama SV, Palculict TB, Calame DG, Schwan K, Aycinena ARP, Traberg R, Douzgou S, Pirt H, Ismayilova N, Banka S, Chao HT, Agrawal PB

Rare EIF4A2 variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, and epilepsy.

Am J Hum Genet 110:120-145 (2023)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.11.011

Wagner M, Levy J, Jung-Klawitter S, Bakhtiari S, Monteiro F, Maroofian R, Bierhals T, Hempel M, Elmaleh-Berges M, Kitajima JP, Kim CA, Salomao JG, Amor DJ, Cooper MS, Perrin L, Pipiras E, Neu A, Doosti M, Karimiani EG, Toosi MB, Houlden H, Jin SC, Si YC, Rodan LH, Venselaar H, Kruer MC, Kok F, Hoffmann GF, Strom TM, Wortmann SB, Tabet AC, Opladen T

Loss of TNR causes a nonprogressive neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and transient opisthotonus.

Genet Med 22:1061-1068 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41436-020-0768-7

Lecca M, Pehlivan D, Suner DH, Weiss K, Coste T, Zweier M, Oktay Y, Danial-Farran N, Rosti V, Bonasoni MP, Malara A, Contro G, Zuntini R, Pollazzon M, Pascarella R, Neri A, Fusco C, Marafi D, Mitani T, Posey JE, Bayramoglu SE, Gezdirici A, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Cladera EA, Miravet E, Roldan-Busto J, Ruiz MA, Bauza CV, Ben-Sira L, Sigaudy S, Begemann A, Unger S, Gungor S, Hiz S, Sonmezler E, Zehavi Y, Jerdev M, Balduini A, Zuffardi O, Horvath R, Lochmuller H, Rauch A, Garavelli L, Tournier-Lasserve E, Spiegel R, Lupski JR, Errichiello E

Bi-allelic variants in the ESAM tight-junction gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with fetal intracranial hemorrhage.

Am J Hum Genet 110:681-690 (2023)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.005

Kurolap A, Kreuder F, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Duvdevani MP, Harel T, Tammer L, Xin B, Bakhtiari S, Rice J, van Eyk CL, Gecz J, Mah JK, Atkinson D, Cope H, Sullivan JA, Douek AM, Colquhoun D, Henry J, Wlodkowic D, Parman Y, Candayan A, Kocasoy-Orhan E, Ilivitzki A, Soudry S, Leibu R, Glaser F, Sency V, Ast G, Shashi V, Fahey MC, Battaloglu E, Jordanova A, Meiner V, Innes AM, Wang H, Elpeleg O, Kruer MC, Kaslin J, Baris Feldman H

Bi-allelic variants in neuronal cell adhesion molecule cause a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, neuropathy/spasticity.

Am J Hum Genet 109:518-532 (2022)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.01.004

Frost FG, Morimoto M, Sharma P, Ruaud L, Belnap N, Calame DG, Uchiyama Y, Matsumoto N, Oud MM, Ferreira EA, Narayanan V, Rangasamy S, Huentelman M, Emrick LT, Sato-Shirai I, Kumada S, Wolf NI, Steinbach PJ, Huang Y, Pusey BN, Passemard S, Levy J, Drunat S, Vincent M, Guet A, Agolini E, Novelli A, Digilio MC, Rosenfeld JA, Murphy JL, Lupski JR, Vezina G, Macnamara EF, Adams DR, Acosta MT, Tifft CJ, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV

Bi-allelic SNAPC4 variants dysregulate global alternative splicing and lead to neuroregression and progressive spastic paraparesis.

Am J Hum Genet 110:663-680 (2023)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.001

Gennarino VA, Palmer EE, McDonell LM, Wang L, Adamski CJ, Koire A, See L, Chen CA, Schaaf CP, Rosenfeld JA, Panzer JA, Moog U, Hao S, Bye A, Kirk EP, Stankiewicz P, Breman AM, McBride A, Kandula T, Dubbs HA, Macintosh R, Cardamone M, Zhu Y, Ying K, Dias KR, Cho MT, Henderson LB, Baskin B, Morris P, Tao J, Cowley MJ, Dinger ME, Roscioli T, Caluseriu O, Suchowersky O, Sachdev RK, Lichtarge O, Tang J, Boycott KM, Holder JL Jr, Zoghbi HY

A Mild PUM1 Mutation Is Associated with Adult-Onset Ataxia, whereas Haploinsufficiency Causes Developmental Delay and Seizures.

Cell 172:924-936.e11 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.006

Fasham J, Huebner AK, Liebmann L, Khalaf-Nazzal R, Maroofian R, Kryeziu N, Wortmann SB, Leslie JS, Ubeyratna N, Mancini GMS, van Slegtenhorst M, Wilke M, Haack TB, Shamseldin HE, Gleeson JG, Almuhaizea M, Dweikat I, Abu-Libdeh B, Daana M, Zaki MS, Wakeling MN, McGavin L, Turnpenny PD, Alkuraya FS, Houlden H, Schlattmann P, Kaila K, Crosby AH, Baple EL, Hubner CA

SLC4A10 mutation causes a neurological disorder associated with impaired GABAergic transmission.

Brain 146:4547-4561 (2023)
DOI:10.1093/brain/awad235

Nguyen TTM, Murakami Y, Mobilio S, Niceta M, Zampino G, Philippe C, Moutton S, Zaki MS, James KN, Musaev D, Mu W, Baranano K, Nance JR, Rosenfeld JA, Braverman N, Ciolfi A, Millan F, Person RE, Bruel AL, Thauvin-Robinet C, Ververi A, DeVile C, Male A, Efthymiou S, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Baratang NV, Rousseau J, St-Denis A, Elrick MJ, Anselm I, Rodan LH, Tartaglia M, Gleeson J, Kinoshita T, Campeau PM

Bi-allelic Variants in the GPI Transamidase Subunit PIGK Cause a Neurodevelopmental Syndrome with Hypotonia, Cerebellar Atrophy, and Epilepsy.

Am J Hum Genet 106:484-495 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.03.001

Sleiman S, Marshall AE, Dong X, Mhanni A, Alidou-D'Anjou I, Frosk P, Marin SE, Stark Z, Del Bigio MR, McBride A, Sadedin S, Gallacher L, Christodoulou J, Boycott KM, Dragon F, Kernohan KD

Compound heterozygous variants in SHQ1 are associated with a spectrum of neurological features, including early-onset dystonia.

Hum Mol Genet 31:614-624 (2022)
DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddab247

Okamoto N, Miya F, Kitai Y, Tsunoda T, Kato M, Saitoh S, Kanemura Y, Kosaki K

Homozygous ADCY5 mutation causes early-onset movement disorder with severe intellectual disability.

Neurol Sci 42:2975-2978 (2021)
DOI:10.1007/s10072-021-05152-y

Rajab A, Schuelke M, Gill E, Zwirner A, Seifert F, Morales Gonzalez S, Knierim E

Recessive DEAF1 mutation associates with autism, intellectual disability, basal ganglia dysfunction and epilepsy.

J Med Genet 52:607-11 (2015)
DOI:10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103083

Ammous Z, Rawlins LE, Jones H, Leslie JS, Wenger O, Scott E, Deline J, Herr T, Evans R, Scheid A, Kennedy J, Chioza BA, Ames RM, Cross HE, Puffenberger EG, Harries L, Baple EL, Crosby AH

A biallelic SNIP1 Amish founder variant causes a recognizable neurodevelopmental disorder.

PLoS Genet 17:e1009803 (2021)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009803

Kaiyrzhanov R, Rad A, Lin SJ, Bertoli-Avella A, Kallemeijn WW, Godwin A, Zaki MS, Huang K, Lau T, Petree C, Efthymiou S, Karimiani EG, Hempel M, Normand EA, Rudnik-Schoneborn S, Schatz UA, Baggelaar MP, Ilyas M, Sultan T, Alvi JR, Ganieva M, Fowler B, Aanicai R, Tayfun GA, Al Saman A, Alswaid A, Amiri N, Asilova N, Shotelersuk V, Yeetong P, Azam M, Babaei M, Monajemi GB, Mohammadi P, Samie S, Banu SH, Pinto Basto J, Kortum F, Bauer M, Bauer P, Beetz C, Garshasbi M, Issa AH, Eyaid W, Ahmed H, Hashemi N, Hassanpour K, Herman I, Ibrohimov S, Abdul-Majeed BA, Imdad M, Isrofilov M, Kaiyal Q, Khan S, Kirmse B, Koster J, Lourenco CM, Mitani T, Moldovan O, Murphy D, Najafi M, Pehlivan D, Rocha ME, Salpietro V, Schmidts M, Shalata A, Mahroum M, Talbeya JK, Taylor RW, Vazquez D, Vetro A, Waterham HR, Zaman M, Schrader TA, Chung WK, Guerrini R, Lupski JR, Gleeson J, Suri M, Jamshidi Y, Bhatia KP, Vona B, Schrader M, Severino M, Guille M, Tate EW, Varshney GK, Houlden H, Maroofian R

Bi-allelic ACBD6 variants lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive and complex movement disorders.

Brain 147:1436-1456 (2024)
DOI:10.1093/brain/awad380

Al-Kasbi G, Al-Saegh A, Al-Qassabi A, Al-Jabry T, Zadjali F, Al-Yahyaee S, Al-Maawali A

Biallelic PTRHD1 Frameshift Variants Associated with Intellectual Disability, Spasticity, and Parkinsonism.

Mov Disord Clin Pract 8:1253-1257 (2021)
DOI:10.1002/mdc3.13342

Reuter MS, Tawamie H, Buchert R, Hosny Gebril O, Froukh T, Thiel C, Uebe S, Ekici AB, Krumbiegel M, Zweier C, Hoyer J, Eberlein K, Bauer J, Scheller U, Strom TM, Hoffjan S, Abdelraouf ER, Meguid NA, Abboud A, Al Khateeb MA, Fakher M, Hamdan S, Ismael A, Muhammad S, Abdallah E, Sticht H, Wieczorek D, Reis A, Abou Jamra R

Diagnostic Yield and Novel Candidate Genes by Exome Sequencing in 152 Consanguineous Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

JAMA Psychiatry 74:293-299 (2017)
DOI:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3798

Mochel F, Rastetter A, Ceulemans B, Platzer K, Yang S, Shinde DN, Helbig KL, Lopergolo D, Mari F, Renieri A, Benetti E, Canitano R, Waisfisz Q, Plomp AS, Huisman SA, Wilson GN, Cathey SS, Louie RJ, Gaudio DD, Waggoner D, Kacker S, Nugent KM, Roeder ER, Bruel AL, Thevenon J, Ehmke N, Horn D, Holtgrewe M, Kaiser FJ, Kamphausen SB, Abou Jamra R, Weckhuysen S, Dalle C, Depienne C

Variants in the SK2 channel gene (KCNN2) lead to dominant neurodevelopmental movement disorders.

Brain 143:3564-3573 (2020)
DOI:10.1093/brain/awaa346