Entry Name Synaptic vesicle cycle
Description Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Orthology K02144 ATPeV1H; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit H
K02145 ATPeV1A, ATP6A; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit A [EC:7.1.2.2 ]
K02146 ATPeV0D, ATP6D; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit d
K02147 ATPeV1B, ATP6B; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit B
K02148 ATPeV1C, ATP6C; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit C
K02149 ATPeV1D, ATP6M; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit D
K02150 ATPeV1E, ATP6E; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit E
K02151 ATPeV1F, ATP6S14; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit F
K02152 ATPeV1G, ATP6G; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit G
K02153 ATPeV0E, ATP6H; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit e
K02154 ATPeV0A, ATP6N; V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a
K02155 ATPeV0C, ATP6L; V-type H+-transporting ATPase 16kDa proteolipid subunit
K03661 ATPeV0B, ATP6F; V-type H+-transporting ATPase 21kDa proteolipid subunit
K04344 CACNA1A, CAV2.1; voltage-dependent calcium channel P/Q type alpha-1A
K04644 CLTA, LCA; clathrin light chain A
K04645 CLTB, LCB; clathrin light chain B
K04646 CLTC; clathrin heavy chain
K04849 CACNA1B, CAV2.2; voltage-dependent calcium channel N type alpha-1B
K05034 SLC6A1, GAT1; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA) member 1
K05035 SLC6A2, NET; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin) member 2
K05036 SLC6A3, DAT; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine) member 3
K05037 SLC6A4, SERT; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin) member 4
K05038 SLC6A5_9, GLYT; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine) member 5/9
K05040 SLC6A7, PROT; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, L-proline) member 7
K05044 SLC6A11, GAT3; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA) member 11
K05045 SLC6A12, BGT1; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, betaine/GABA) member 12
K05046 SLC6A13, GAT2; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA) member 13
K05612 SLC1A1, EAAT3; solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 1
K05613 SLC1A2, EAAT2; solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2
K05614 SLC1A3, EAAT1; solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3
K05617 SLC1A6, EAAT4; solute carrier family 1 (high affinity glutamate/aspartate transporter), member 6
K05618 SLC1A7, EAAT5; solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7
K07882 RAB3A; Ras-related protein Rab-3A
K08155 SLC18A1_2, VMAT; MFS transporter, DHA1 family, solute carrier family 18 (vesicular amine transporter), member 1/2
K08486 STX1B_2_3; syntaxin 1B/2/3
K11824 AP2A; AP-2 complex subunit alpha
K11825 AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta-1
K11826 AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu-1
K11827 AP2S1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma-1
K12302 SLC17A6_7_8; MFS transporter, ACS family, solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6/7/8
K13504 VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2
K14636 SLC18A3, VACHT; MFS transporter, DHA1 family, solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine transporter), member 3
K15015 SLC32A, VGAT; solute carrier family 32 (vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter)
K15291 RIMS1, RIM1; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1
K15292 STXBP1, MUNC18-1; syntaxin-binding protein 1
K15293 UNC13A_B_C, MUNC13; protein unc-13 A/B/C
K15296 NAPA, SNAPA, SEC17; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein
K18211 SNAP25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25
Compound Reference Authors Li L, Chin LS
Title The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
Title Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
Journal The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference Authors Chapman ER
Title How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
Journal Reference Authors Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
Title Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
Journal Reference Authors de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
Title Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
Journal Reference Authors Carr CM, Munson M
Title Tag team action at the synapse.
Journal Reference Authors Sudhof TC
Title The synaptic vesicle cycle.
Journal Reference Authors Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
Title Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
Title A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Journal Reference Authors Chapman ER
Title Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
Journal Reference Authors Sudhof TC
Title The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
Journal Reference Authors Rizo J, Sudhof TC
Title Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
Journal Reference Authors Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
Title Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
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