Entry Name Dopaminergic synapse
Description Dopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning and memory, and endocrine regulation. Once released from presynaptic axonal terminals, DA interacts with at least five receptor subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS), which have been divided into two groups: the D1-like receptors (D1Rs), comprising D1 and D5 receptors, both positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and cAMP production, and the D2-like receptors (D2Rs), comprising D2, D3, and D4 receptors, whose activation results in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and suppression of cAMP production. In addition, D1Rs and D2Rs modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels and a number of Ca2+ -dependent intracellular signaling processes. Through diverse cAMP- and Ca2+-dependent and - independent mechanisms, DA influences neuronal activity, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Presynaptically localized D2Rs regulate synthesis and release of DA as the main autoreceptor of the dopaminergic system.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Orthology K02223 CLOCK, KAT13D; circadian locomoter output cycles kaput protein [EC:2.3.1.48 ]
K02296 ARNTL, BMAL1, CYC; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1
K03456 PPP2R1; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit A
K04144 DRD1; dopamine receptor D1
K04145 DRD2; dopamine receptor D2
K04146 DRD3; dopamine receptor D3
K04147 DRD4; dopamine receptor D4
K04344 CACNA1A, CAV2.1; voltage-dependent calcium channel P/Q type alpha-1A
K04347 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12
K04348 PPP3C, CNA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
K04354 PPP2R2; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B
K04374 ATF4, CREB2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4
K04379 FOS; proto-oncogene protein c-fos
K04382 PPP2C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
K04440 JNK; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) [EC:2.7.11.24 ]
K04450 ATF2, CREBP1; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
K04515 CAMK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
K04534 GNAO, G-ALPHA-O; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha
K04536 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
K04537 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2
K04538 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4
K04539 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5
K04540 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3
K04541 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4
K04542 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5
K04543 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7
K04544 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8
K04545 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10
K04546 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11
K04547 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13
K04548 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1
K04549 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2
K04630 GNAI; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha
K04632 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
K04633 GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha
K04634 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K04833 SCN1A, NAV1.1; voltage-gated sodium channel type I alpha
K04849 CACNA1B, CAV2.2; voltage-dependent calcium channel N type alpha-1B
K04850 CACNA1C, CAV1.2; voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1C
K04851 CACNA1D, CAV1.3; voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1D
K04958 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1
K04959 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 2
K04960 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3
K04997 KCNJ3, KIR3.1; potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 3
K04999 KCNJ5, KIR3.4; potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 5
K05000 KCNJ6, KIR3.2; potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 6
K05002 KCNJ9, KIR3.3; potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 9
K05036 SLC6A3, DAT; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine) member 3
K05197 GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1
K05198 GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2
K05199 GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3
K05200 GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4
K05209 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A
K05210 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
K05840 DRD5; dopamine receptor D5
K05870 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1
K06269 PPP1C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 catalytic subunit [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
K07825 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3
K07826 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
K08155 SLC18A1_2, VMAT; MFS transporter, DHA1 family, solute carrier family 18 (vesicular amine transporter), member 1/2
K09047 CREB5, CREBPA; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5
K09048 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3
K09049 ATF6B, CREBL1; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta
K10396 KIF5; kinesin family member 5 (plus-end-directed kinesin ATPase) [EC:5.6.1.3 ]
K11583 PPP2R3; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B''
K11584 PPP2R5; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'
K15493 CALY; neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon
K15494 PPP1R1B, DARPP32; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B
Compound C00355 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C01161 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Beaulieu JM, Gainetdinov RR
Title The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Neve KA, Seamans JK, Trantham-Davidson H
Title Dopamine receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Surmeier DJ, Ding J, Day M, Wang Z, Shen W
Title D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Knab AM, Lightfoot JT
Title Does the difference between physically active and couch potato lie in the dopamine system?
Journal Reference Authors Greengard P, Allen PB, Nairn AC
Title Beyond the dopamine receptor: the DARPP-32/protein phosphatase-1 cascade.
Journal Reference Authors Hu XT, Dong Y, Zhang XF, White FJ
Title Dopamine D2 receptor-activated Ca2+ signaling modulates voltage-sensitive sodium currents in rat nucleus accumbens neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Beaulieu JM, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG
Title The Akt-GSK-3 signaling cascade in the actions of dopamine.
Journal Reference Authors De Mei C, Ramos M, Iitaka C, Borrelli E
Title Getting specialized: presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Seamans JK, Yang CR
Title The principal features and mechanisms of dopamine modulation in the prefrontal cortex.
Journal Reference Authors Yao WD, Spealman RD, Zhang J
Title Dopaminergic signaling in dendritic spines.
Journal Reference Authors Li YC, Gao WJ
Title GSK-3beta activity and hyperdopamine-dependent behaviors.
Journal Reference Authors Tang TS, Bezprozvanny I
Title Dopamine receptor-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons.
Journal Reference Authors Bergson C, Levenson R, Goldman-Rakic PS, Lidow MS
Title Dopamine receptor-interacting proteins: the Ca(2+) connection in dopamine signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Missale C, Nash SR, Robinson SW, Jaber M, Caron MG
Title Dopamine receptors: from structure to function.
Journal Reference Authors Quaak M, van Schayck CP, Knaapen AM, van Schooten FJ
Title Genetic variation as a predictor of smoking cessation success. A promising preventive and intervention tool for chronic respiratory diseases?
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