Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Drug D02546 Kainic acid hydrate (JP18)
Other DBs Orthology K04344 CACNA1A, CAV2.1; voltage-dependent calcium channel P/Q type alpha-1A
K04347 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12
K04348 PPP3C, CNA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
K04534 GNAO, G-ALPHA-O; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha
K04536 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
K04537 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2
K04538 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4
K04539 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5
K04540 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3
K04541 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4
K04542 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5
K04543 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7
K04544 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8
K04545 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10
K04546 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11
K04547 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13
K04548 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1
K04549 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2
K04603 GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
K04604 GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
K04605 GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
K04606 GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3
K04607 GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4
K04608 GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6
K04609 GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
K04610 GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
K04630 GNAI; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha
K04632 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
K04634 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K04850 CACNA1C, CAV1.2; voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1C
K04851 CACNA1D, CAV1.3; voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1D
K04958 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1
K04959 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 2
K04960 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3
K04964 TRPC1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1
K04997 KCNJ3, KIR3.1; potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 3
K05197 GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1
K05198 GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2
K05199 GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3
K05200 GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4
K05201 GRIK1; glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1
K05202 GRIK2; glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2
K05203 GRIK3; glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3
K05204 GRIK4; glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4
K05205 GRIK5; glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5
K05208 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1
K05209 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A
K05210 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
K05211 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C
K05212 GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D
K05213 GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A
K05214 GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B
K05612 SLC1A1, EAAT3; solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 1
K05613 SLC1A2, EAAT2; solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2
K05614 SLC1A3, EAAT1; solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3
K05617 SLC1A6, EAAT4; solute carrier family 1 (high affinity glutamate/aspartate transporter), member 6
K05618 SLC1A7, EAAT5; solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7
K06268 PPP3R, CNB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B regulatory subunit
K07825 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3
K07826 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
K11828 DLG4, PSD95; discs large protein 4
K12302 SLC17A6_7_8; MFS transporter, ACS family, solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6/7/8
K13576 SLC38A3, SNAT3; solute carrier family 38 (sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter), member 3
K14207 SLC38A2, SNAT2; solute carrier family 38 (sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter), member 2
K14990 SLC38A1, SNAT1, GLNT; solute carrier family 38 (sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter), member 1
K15008 DLGAP1, GKAP; discs, large-associated protein 1
K15009 SHANK; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein
K26472 LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
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